Donated breast milk substitutes and incidence of diarrhoea among infants and young children after the May 2006 earthquake in Yogyakarta and Central Java

Hipgrave, David; Assefa, Fitsum; Winoto, Anna; Sukotjo, Sri

doi:10.1017/s1368980010003423

Cited by 57 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The widespread and unscreened distribution of infant formula have been documented across a number of emergency situations, including the Tsunami 2004 in India (Adhisivam et al . 2006), the Central Java earthquake in 2006 (Hipgrave et al . 2011), the Philippines typhoon in 2007 (Anonymous 2007), the China earthquake in 2008 (Bengin et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It is me who eats, to nourish him’: a mixed‐method study of breastfeeding in post‐earthquake Haiti

Dörnemann

Kelly

2012

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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In Haiti, initiation of breastfeeding is high, but early mixed feeding is the norm. In a situation of crisis, mothers' worries about insufficiency of breast milk, disruption of social networks and free unmonitored distribution of breast milk substitutes impact feeding practices. This study was conducted to explore the attitudes, practices and understandings of breastfeeding in the post-earthquake situation in Haiti. A mixed-method study was conducted in Léogâne, Haiti, a town close to the epicentre of the 2010 earthquake. In a household survey, 1131 mothers of children under 24 months were interviewed about feeding practices. In the quantitative component, we conducted 25 in-depth interviews and seven focus group discussions with mothers, grandmothers, traditional birth attendants, fathers and health care professionals. Mothers described breastfeeding as a challenging responsibility to ensure the infants' health. They understood breast milk as a dynamic substance, the quality of which would deteriorate if the mother's diet was poor or if the mother was afflicted with a psychosocial condition called move san or colere, 'bad blood'. To protect the child in these situations, early supplementary feeding is introduced. Only 20% of informants exclusively breastfed infants under 6 months. Because of a lack of confidence in the quality of breast milk, Haitian mothers tend to wean children earlier. The abiding concerns of Haitian mothers over the quality of their breast milk suggest a number of ways - such as dietary advice - that post-earthquake aid agencies could enhance breastfeeding support.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It is me who eats, to nourish him’: a mixed‐method study of breastfeeding in post‐earthquake Haiti

Dörnemann

Kelly

2012

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…Both the Jogjakarta earthquake and the Sichuan earthquakes were the subject of UNICEF reports (UNICEF 2010;Hipgrave, Assefa et al 2011). However while the Jogjakarta report emphasized infants and the adverse effects of infant formula distribution, the China report makes no mention of infant formula distribution and its effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Issues in Infant Feeding After Disasters

Binns

Lee

Tang

et al. 2012

Asia Pac J Public Health

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In the aftermath of many disasters the silence is punctuated by the crying of infants, hungry infants. The aim of this paper is to discuss ethical issues in feeding infants after disasters. The Asia Pacific region generates 25% of the world’s GDP, but experiences 45% of natural disasters and 42% of the economic losses due to disasters. The region has 61% of the world’s population, but 86% of the population affected by disasters. Breastfeeding, exclusive to six months and continuing thereafter, is important for growth and the health of the infant in the short term and later in life. In most natural disasters, mothers and infants will both suffer, but in some disasters, such as earthquakes and building collapses, infants can survive in small spaces. Infants separated from mothers require a wet nurse (rarely available) or feeding with infant formula and sterile water. Formula companies often donate supplies of infant formula but distribution should follow ethical principles. Mothers who are injured or short of food can still continue breastfeeding and don’t need formula. Where formula must be used, health workers need to follow the highest ethical standards to avoid promoting infant formula to vulnerable communities in the post recovery phase.

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“…For example, after the earthquake in Yogyakarta, Indonesia in 2006, a study found that rates of diarrhoea doubled among infants who had been given donated infant formula compared with those who had not [6]. During the floods in Botswana in 2006, infants hospitalised with diarrhoea were 30 times more likely not to be breastfed compared with infants without diarrhoea [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research priorities for improving infant and young child feeding in humanitarian emergencies

et al. 2016

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Background: There are many challenges during emergencies to ensure that optimal infant and young child feeding is protected, promoted and supported, but there is a dearth of evidence on strategies and programmes to improve Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies (IYCF-E) and a need to determine research priorities. Methods: Based on interviews with key informants who are experts in the subject, we developed a list of 48 research questions on IYCF-E. A framework, following the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method to set priorities in child health research, was developed to rank the research questions. Four criteria were applied to create a ranking based on answerability, operational relevance, disease burden reduction and prevention, and originality. Using an on-line survey, prioritisation of research questions was done by 27 people from 14 NGOs, universities and research institutions, and UN organisations. Results: The top-ten research questions identified focused on the following:• Use of cash-transfer to buy breast-milk substitutes;• Effectiveness of complementary feeding strategies;• Long-term effect of IYCF-E interventions;• Design of IYCF-E programmes in a context where breastfeeding rates are low and breast milk substitutes use is high;• Design of effective re-lactation interventions;• Provision of psychological support to young children's care-takers;• Determination of number of beneficiaries and coverage of IYCF-E programmes;• Pros and cons of distributing ready-to-use infant formula compared with distributing powdered infant formula plus kit for safer use of BMS, when use of infant formula is necessary;• Assessment of the impact of specific IYCF-E programmes on nutritional status, morbidity and mortality;• Linking and mainstreaming IYCF-E interventions with other sectors such as health, WASH, food security and child protection. Conclusion: The questions found by this study could form the basis of future research on IYCF-E and could be integrated into the agenda of relevant stakeholders. Results of studies based on these questions will be fundamental to fill the evidence gap in IYCF-E, improve IYCF-E programming and ultimately contribute to the reduction in morbidity and mortality among infants and young children in humanitarian emergencies.

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Donated breast milk substitutes and incidence of diarrhoea among infants and young children after the May 2006 earthquake in Yogyakarta and Central Java

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

‘It is me who eats, to nourish him’: a mixed‐method study of breastfeeding in post‐earthquake Haiti

‘It is me who eats, to nourish him’: a mixed‐method study of breastfeeding in post‐earthquake Haiti

Ethical Issues in Infant Feeding After Disasters

Research priorities for improving infant and young child feeding in humanitarian emergencies

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