Donkey Milk: An Overview of its Chemical Composition and Main Nutritional Properties or Human Health Benefit Properties

Baloš, Milica Živkov; Pelić́, Dragana Ljubojević; Jakšić, Sandra; Lazić, Sava

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104225

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In comparison to mare or cow milk, donkey milk contains a lower amount of amino acids, primarily due to its lower protein content. However, when considering the composition and quantity of amino acids, donkey milk is remarkably similar to human milk, with the exception of isoleucine and lysine. − The average concentrations of essential amino acids (EAAs) in human, cow, and donkey milk are fairly similar, which were 45.30, 42.6, and 40.0 g/100 g, respectively. Numerous studies suggest that the amino acid composition of donkey milk makes it more suitable for human nutrition compared to other types of mammalian milk. , …”

Section: Proteome-based Investigation Of the Effects Of Protein Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies suggest that the amino acid composition of donkey milk makes it more suitable for human nutrition compared to other types of mammalian milk. 87,88 Apart from the differences in the proportions of different amino acids, protein micelles in the milk from different species differ in size. Among all three types of milk, the casein micelles in human milk (64−80 nm) have the smallest diameter, followed by donkey (100−200 nm), cattle (150−182 nm), and buffalo (176−180 nm).…”

Section: Claeys Et Al Reported the Amino Acid Composition Of "Altomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteomics and Peptidomics As a Tool to Compare the Proteins and Endogenous Peptides in Human, Cow, and Donkey Milk

Ning,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Cow’s milk is the most widely used ingredient in infant formulas. However, its specific protein composition can cause allergic reactions. Finding alternatives to replace cow’s milk and fill the nutritional gap with human milk is essential for the health of infants. Proteomic and peptidomic techniques have supported the elucidation of milk’s nutritional ingredients. Recently, omics approaches have attracted increasing interest in the investigation of milk because of their high throughput, precision, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This review offers a significant overview of recent developments in proteomics and peptidomics used to study the differences in human, cow, and donkey milk. All three types of milks were identified to have critical biological functions in human health, particularly in infants. Donkey milk proteins were closer in composition to human milk, were less likely to cause allergic reactions, and may be developed as novel raw materials for formula milk powders.

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Section: Proteome-based Investigation Of the Effects Of Protein Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Claeys Et Al Reported the Amino Acid Composition Of "Altomentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics and Peptidomics As a Tool to Compare the Proteins and Endogenous Peptides in Human, Cow, and Donkey Milk

Ning,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…It was found that the selenoprotein F content of whey at low altitudes was higher than whey at high altitudes, and buffalo milk at low altitudes was suitable for producing immune-regulation milk [30]. DM also had a high content of Se, which was beneficial for normal immune system function [31,32]. The result of this study showed that DM from mid and late lactation had a high content of selenoprotein F. Therefore, DM from mid and late lactation can serve as a good source of organic Se supplementation.…”

Section: Nutrition and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Proteins in Donkey Milk in Different Lactation Stages

Zhou,

Huang,

et al. 2023

Foods

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Proteins in donkey milk (DM) have special biological activities. However, the bioactive proteins and their expression regulation in donkey milk are still unclear. Thus, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in DM in different lactation stages were first investigated by data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. A total of 805 proteins were characterized in DM. The composition and content of milk proteins varied with the lactation stage. A total of 445 candidate DEPs related to biological processes and molecular functions were identified between mature milk and colostrum. The 219 down-regulated DEPs were mainly related to complement and coagulation cascades, staphylococcus aureus infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, prion diseases, AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in diabetic complications, and pertussis. The 226 up-regulated DEPs were mainly involved in metabolic pathways related to nutrient (fat, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and vitamin) metabolism. Some other DEPs in milk from the lactation period of 30 to 180 days also had activities such as promoting cell proliferation, promoting antioxidant, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, and enhancing skin moisture. DM can be used as a nutritional substitute for infants, as well as for cosmetic and medical purposes. Our results provide important insights for understanding the bioactive protein differences in DM in different lactation stages.

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“…A wide range of positive effects are related to its composition and have been linked to donkey milk consumption. In fact, it is rich in various protective proteins (α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and immunoglobulins) and possesses a fatty-acid profile that awards antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, hypoglycemic, antiparasitic, and antitumor activity [ 5 , 6 ]. Donkey milk is considered a functional food that exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties with potential positive effects on the delay of aging processes [ 7 ], can modulate the immune system [ 8 ], and has antimicrobial [ 9 ] and possibly anticancer activity [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donkey Colostrum and Milk: How Dietary Probiotics Can Affect Metabolomic Profile, Alkaline Sphingomyelinase and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity

et al. 2023

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Background: Positive results on animal health, feed efficiency, and milk’s nutritional content have been obtained after oral administration of probiotics. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with high numbers of multispecies probiotic formulations on the milk metabolomic profiles of alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in donkeys. Methods: Twenty animals were randomly allocated to receive either a normal diet (group B) or a supplemented diet (group A). Colostrum and milk samples were obtained within 48 h, at 15 days (supplementation start), and at 45 days after parturition. Results: Different metabolomic profiles were observed between colostrum and milk, as were the concentrations of 12 metabolites that changed following 30 days of probiotic supplementation. Alk-SMase activity was found to be higher in donkey colostrum (vs. milk at 15 days); this enzyme, together with ALP, increased in milk after 30 days of probiotic supplementation. Conclusions: The results of the present study provide new insight into the complex changes in donkey colostrum and milk composition in the first 45 days of lactation and how the milk metabolome can be modulated by probiotic supplementation.

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Donkey Milk: An Overview of its Chemical Composition and Main Nutritional Properties or Human Health Benefit Properties

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Proteomics and Peptidomics As a Tool to Compare the Proteins and Endogenous Peptides in Human, Cow, and Donkey Milk

Proteomics and Peptidomics As a Tool to Compare the Proteins and Endogenous Peptides in Human, Cow, and Donkey Milk

Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Proteins in Donkey Milk in Different Lactation Stages

Donkey Colostrum and Milk: How Dietary Probiotics Can Affect Metabolomic Profile, Alkaline Sphingomyelinase and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity

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