Donor–acceptor polymers with tunable infrared photoresponse

London, Alexander E.; Huang, Lifeng; Zhang, Benjamin A.; Oviedo, M. Belén; Tropp, Joshua; Yao, Weichuan; Wu, Zhenghui; Wong, Bryan M.; Ng, Tse Nga; Azoulay, Jason D.

doi:10.1039/c7py00241f

Cited by 80 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 2e, the Azoulay lab synthesized a series of donor−acceptor conjugated polymers with variations in the acceptor moieties, which allowed tuning of the semiconductor energy levels. 18 Leveraging this series of materials, the Ng lab demonstrated devices with spectral response up to 1700 nm. 28,29 Figure 2f displays an organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photodiode 30,31 that comprises an SWIR-responsive organic semiconductor used as the p-type donor intermixed with an ntype [6,6]-phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM[70]) acceptor.…”

Section: Infrared-responsive Organic Semiconductors and Device Structmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Design and Characterization Guidelines for Polymer-Based Infrared Photodetectors

et al. 2018

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CONSPECTUS: Infrared photodetectors are essential to many applications, including surveillance, communications, process monitoring, and biological imaging. The short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral region (λ = 1−3 μm) is particularly powerful for health monitoring and medical diagnostics because biological tissues show low absorbance and minimal SWIR autofluorescence, enabling greater penetration depth and improved resolution in comparison with visible light. However, current SWIR photodetection technologies are largely based on epitaxially grown inorganic semiconductors, which are costly, require complex processing, and impose cooling requirements incompatible with wearable electronics. Solution-processable semiconductors are being developed for infrared detectors to enable low-cost direct deposition and facilitate monolithic integration and resolution not achievable using current technologies. In particular, organic semiconductors offer numerous advantages, including large-area and conformal coverage, temperature insensitivity, and biocompatibility, for enabling ubiquitous SWIR optoelectronics. This Account introduces recent efforts to advance the spectral response of organic photodetectors into the SWIR. High-performance visible to near-infrared (NIR) organic photodetectors have been demonstrated by leveraging the wealth of knowledge from organic solar cell research in the past decade. On the other hand, organic semiconductors that absorb in the SWIR are just emerging, and only a few organic materials have been reported that exhibit photocurrent past 1 μm. In this Account, we survey novel SWIR molecules and polymers and discuss the main bottlenecks associated with charge recombination and trapping, which are more challenging to address in narrow-band-gap photodetectors in comparison with devices operating in the visible to NIR. As we call attention to discrepancies in the literature regarding performance metrics, we share our perspective on potential pitfalls that may lead to overestimated values, with particular attention to the detectivity (signal-to-noise ratio) and temporal characteristics, in order to ensure a fair comparison of device performance. As progress is made toward overcoming challenges associated with losses due to recombination and increasing noise at progressively narrower band gaps, the performance of organic SWIR photodetectors is steadily rising, with detectivity exceeding 10 11 Jones, comparable to that of commercial germanium photodiodes. Organic SWIR photodetectors can be incorporated into wearable physiological monitors and SWIR spectroscopic imagers that enable compositional analysis. A wide range of potential applications include food and water quality monitoring, medical and biological studies, industrial process inspection, and environmental surveillance. There are exciting opportunities for low-cost organic SWIR technologies to be as widely deployable and affordable as today's ubiquitous cell phone cameras operating in the visible, which will serve as an empowering tool for users to...

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Section: Infrared-responsive Organic Semiconductors and Device Structmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Design and Characterization Guidelines for Polymer-Based Infrared Photodetectors

et al. 2018

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“…To further push the spectral response above 1200 nm, some groups, including our group, focused on D–A polymers with ultralow bandgaps . Although these ultralow‐bandgap polymers absorb in the NIR region and above 1200 nm, due to the low bandgap and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, the EQE and spectral response of the corresponding devices in the NIR region or above 1200 nm are too low to be meaningfully useful for imaging applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Bandgap Polymers for High‐Performance Photodiodes with Maximal EQE near 1200 nm and Broad Spectral Response from 300 to 1700 nm

Han

Yang

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polymer photodiodes with broad spectral response above 1500 nm can be used for imaging in the near‐infrared window of the atmosphere. Three low‐bandgap polymers based on 3,6‐dithiophen‐2‐yl‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (DPP), [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline (TQ), benzobisthiadiazole (BBT), and dithienopyrrole (DTP) are designed and synthesized. No‐gain and gain polymer photodiodes with polymers:PC71BM as active layer materials and with aluminum doped ZnO nanoparticles:2,9‐bis(3‐(dimethylamino)propyl)anthra[2,1,9‐def:6,5,10‐d′e′f′]diisoquinoline‐1,3,8,10(2H,9H)‐tetraone (AZO:PDIN), MoO3, and 2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BCP) as interlayer materials are prepared. No‐gain photodiodes based on polymer P1 exhibit the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.8% at 1200 nm, which is among the best values of polymer photodiodes known to date. Gain photodiodes based on P1 and P3 also exhibit a maximal EQE near 1200 nm. In addition, gain photodiodes based on P1 have a specific detectivity over 1013 Jones in 300–1360 nm and spectral response in the region of 300–1700 nm.

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“…The BHJ is formed via blending two organic semiconducting polymers (a donor and an acceptor) with different chemical potential energies. Existing BHJ organic photodetectors exhibit a relatively wide spectral response (0.3–1.8 μm), detectivities ( D *) ≈ 10 12 Jones, and a linear dynamic range over 100 dB in the visible range (0.5–0.8 μm) . For example, Gong et al reported a high‐detectivity polymer photodetector with wide spectral response from 300 to 1450 nm using a narrow‐bandgap semiconducting polymer blended with a fullerene derivative.…”

Section: Materials and Devices For High‐performance Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Perception Built on Memristive System: Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Sensations

Zhao

Tan

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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The widespread implementation and rapid development of autonomous systems pose stringent performance requirements on emerging sensory systems. In addition to the basic sensing requirements, leading sensory systems are required to process data and extract featured information from highly redundant data in real time. With the added edge‐computational capabilities, data shuttling is avoided, leading to significant reduction of computational burden and bandwidth pressure in the cloud. Among the different computing architectures, the neuromorphic sensory system stands out due to its high power efficiency, low latency, and excellent processing capability. Mimicking the biological neural network, the colocation of sensory, processor, and memory components of neuromorphic sensory systems enables the requirements for frequent data shuttles to be circumvented. In particular, artificial intelligent perceptions built on memristive neuromorphic systems exhibit outstanding characteristics of small footprint, low power consumption, 3D stacking ability, and high density. Herein, the two essential parts of the memristive artificial perceptron system are presented: 1) memristive systems for neuromorphic computing and 2) high‐performance sensors. Next, the current state of the art established on artificial perceptron systems covering visual, auditory, and tactile sensations is highlighted. To conclude, the current challenges and future direction in the area of advanced intelligent perceptions are presented.

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Donor–acceptor polymers with tunable infrared photoresponse

Abstract: NIR-SWIR photoresponsive donor–acceptor polymers enable the detection of infrared light when incorporated into bulk heterojunction photodiodes.

Cited by 80 publications

References 59 publications

Emerging Design and Characterization Guidelines for Polymer-Based Infrared Photodetectors

Emerging Design and Characterization Guidelines for Polymer-Based Infrared Photodetectors

Low‐Bandgap Polymers for High‐Performance Photodiodes with Maximal EQE near 1200 nm and Broad Spectral Response from 300 to 1700 nm

Artificial Perception Built on Memristive System: Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Sensations

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