“…A second way to categorize these mechanisms is by the crash consistency technique adopted. The most common is by logging, which subdivides into redo‐logging, 2,8,10,11,14,15,20‐24 undo‐logging, 9,16,18,19,25 or a hybrid proposal of both 26,27 . Furthermore, other works have implemented shadow‐paging, 1,28,29 logging‐structured 30 and out‐of‐placing 3 techniques.…”