Dopamine increases accuracy and lengthens deliberation time in explicit motor skill learning

Leow, Li‐Ann; Bernheine, Lena; Carroll, Timothy J.; Dux, Paul E.; Filmer, Hannah L.

doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526542

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Therefore, the physiological changes appeared to not be subjectively detectable, lowering the likelihood that discernible subjective differences impacted the results. Note that although the power of our blinding test was lowered owing to missing data, the remaining N was comparable to sample sizes from previous investigations into the impact of dopaminergic pharmacological intervention on decision-making, that employed comparable blinding tests (Leow, Bernheine, Carroll, Dux, & Filmer, 2023;Pine, Shiner, Seymour, & Dolan, 2010;Vo, Seergobin, & MacDonald, 2018;Vo, Seergobin, Morrow, & MacDonald, 2016;Wunderlich et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Assessing the influence of dopamine and mindfulness on the formation of routines in visual search

Garner,

Leow,

Uchida

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Given experience in cluttered but stable visual environments, our eye-movements form stereotyped routines that sample task-relevant locations, while not mixing-up routines between similar task-settings. Both dopamine signalling and mindfulness have been posited as factors that influence the formation of such routines, yet quantification of their impact remains to be tested in healthy humans. Over two sessions, participants searched through grids of doors to find hidden targets, using a gaze-contingent display. Within each session, door scenes appeared in either one of two colours, with each colour signalling a differing set of likely target locations. We derived measures for how well target locations were learned (target-accuracy), how routine were sets of eye-movements (stereotypy), and the extent of interference between the two scenes (setting-accuracy). Participants completed two sessions, where they were administered either levodopa (dopamine precursor) or placebo (vitamin C), under double-blind counterbalanced conditions. Dopamine and trait mindfulness (assessed by questionnaire) interacted to influence both target-accuracy and stereotypy. Increasing dopamine improved accuracy and reduced stereotypy for high mindfulness scorers, but induced the opposite pattern for low mindfulness scorers. Dopamine also disrupted setting-accuracy invariant to mindfulness. Our findings show that mindfulness modulates the impact of dopamine on the target-accuracy and stereotypy of eye-movement routines, whereas increasing dopamine promotes interference between task-settings, regardless of mindfulness. These findings provide a link between non-human and human models regarding the influence of dopamine on the formation of task-relevant eye-movement routines, and provide novel insights into behaviour-trait factors that modulate the use of experience when building adaptive repertoires.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Assessing the influence of dopamine and mindfulness on the formation of routines in visual search

Garner,

Leow,

Uchida

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the physiological changes appeared to not be subjectively detectable, lowering the likelihood that discernible subjective differences impacted the results. Note that although the power of our blinding test was lowered owing to missing data, the remaining N was comparable to sample sizes from previous investigations into the impact of dopaminergic pharmacological intervention on decision-making, that employed comparable blinding tests (Leow et al, 2023;Pine et al, 2010;Vo et al, 2016Vo et al, , 2018Wunderlich et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Assessing the influence of dopamine and mindfulness on the formation of routines in visual search

Garner,

Leow,

Uchida

et al. 2024

Psychophysiology

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Given experience in cluttered but stable visual environments, our eye‐movements form stereotyped routines that sample task‐relevant locations, while not mixing‐up routines between similar task‐settings. Both dopamine signaling and mindfulness have been posited as factors that influence the formation of such routines, yet quantification of their impact remains to be tested in healthy humans. Over two sessions, participants searched through grids of doors to find hidden targets, using a gaze‐contingent display. Within each session, door scenes appeared in either one of two colors, with each color signaling a differing set of likely target locations. We derived measures for how well target locations were learned (target‐accuracy), how routine were sets of eye‐movements (stereotypy), and the extent of interference between the two scenes (setting‐accuracy). Participants completed two sessions, where they were administered either levodopa (dopamine precursor) or placebo (vitamin C), under double‐blind counterbalanced conditions. Dopamine and trait mindfulness (assessed by questionnaire) interacted to influence both target‐accuracy and stereotypy. Increasing dopamine improved accuracy and reduced stereotypy for high mindfulness scorers, but induced the opposite pattern for low mindfulness scorers. Dopamine also disrupted setting‐accuracy invariant to mindfulness. Our findings show that mindfulness modulates the impact of dopamine on the target‐accuracy and stereotypy of eye‐movement routines, whereas increasing dopamine promotes interference between task‐settings, regardless of mindfulness. These findings provide a link between non‐human and human models regarding the influence of dopamine on the formation of task‐relevant eye‐movement routines and provide novel insights into behavior‐trait factors that modulate the use of experience when building adaptive repertoires.

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“…Evidence suggesting which brain regions are involved in which learning processes. 20,22,24,31,65,66 The solid arrows indicate studies that involve populations with stroke and open arrows indicate studies that involve populations with progressive neurodegenerative disorders. C. Methods for isolating explicit re-aiming strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detrimental effect of stroke on motor adaptation

Abram,

Tsay,

Yosef

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background. While it is evident that stroke impairs motor control, it remains unclear whether stroke impacts motor adaptation, the ability to flexibly modify movements in response to changes in the body and the environment. The mixed results in the literature may be due to differences in participants' brain lesions, sensorimotor tasks, or a combination of both. Objective. We first sought to better understand the overall impact of stroke on motor adaptation and then delineated the impact of lesion hemisphere and sensorimotor task on adaptation poststroke. Methods. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies comparing individuals poststroke to neurotypical controls, with each group consisting of over 200 participants. Results. We found that stroke impairs motor adaptation (d = -0.64; 95% CI [-1.06, -0.22]), and that the extent of this impairment did not differ across sensorimotor tasks but may vary with the lesioned hemisphere. Specifically, we observed greater evidence for impaired adaptation in individuals with left hemisphere lesions compared to those with right hemisphere lesions. Conclusions. This review not only clarifies the detrimental effect of stroke on motor adaptation but also underscores the need for finer-grained studies to determine precisely how various sensorimotor learning mechanisms are impacted. The current findings may guide future mechanistic and applied research at the intersection of motor learning and neurorehabilitation.

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Dopamine increases accuracy and lengthens deliberation time in explicit motor skill learning

Cited by 5 publications

References 97 publications

Assessing the influence of dopamine and mindfulness on the formation of routines in visual search

Assessing the influence of dopamine and mindfulness on the formation of routines in visual search

Assessing the influence of dopamine and mindfulness on the formation of routines in visual search

The detrimental effect of stroke on motor adaptation

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