“…We compared the effect of optogenetic stimulation of dopamine cell bodies with consequences observed following their electrical stimulation that has been traditionally used for many years (Budygin et al, 1999; Budygin et al, 2000; Budygin et al, 2001a; Jones et al, 2006; Budygin, 2007; Oleson et al, 2008; Bass et al, 2010; Pattison et al, 2011; Pattison et al, 2012; Bass et al, 2013). As illustrated in Figure 3, tonic optogenetic (A) and electrical (B) VTA stimulation evoked significant increases in accumbal dopamine levels.…”