Doped Multiple Nanoparticles with Hydroxyapatite Coating Show Diverse Health Effects in vivo

Abstract

Introduction The lack of osteoinductive, angiogenic and antimicrobial properties of hydroxyapatite coatings (HA) on titanium surfaces severely limits their use in orthopedic and dental implants. Therefore, we doped SiO 2 , Gd 2 O 3 and CeO 2 nanoparticles into HA to fabricate a HASiGdCe coating with a combination of decent antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic properties by the plasma spraying technique. Methods The HASiGdCe coating was analyzed by SEM (EDS), surface roughness tests, contact angle tests, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, tensile tests and electrochemical dynamic polarization tests. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO-1) were used as representative bacteria to verify the antibacterial properties of the HASiGdCe coating. We evaluated the cytocompatibility and in vitro osteoinductivity of the HASiGdCe coating by investigating its effect on the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. We assessed the in vitro angiogenic activity of the HASiGdCe coating by migration assay, tube formation assay, and RT‒PCR analysis of angiogenic genes in HUVECs. Finally, we used infected animal femur models to investigate the biosafety, antimicrobial and osteointegration properties of the HASiGdCe coating in vivo. Results Through various characterization experiments, we demonstrated that the HASiGdCe coating has suitable microscopic morphology, physical phase characteristics, bonding strength and bioactivity to meet the coating criteria for orthopedic implants. The HASiGdCe coating can release Gd 3+ and Ce 4+ , showing strong antibacterial properties against MRSA and PAO-1. The HASiGdCe coating has been shown to have superior osteogenic and angiogenic properties compared to the HA coating in in vitro cellular experiments. Animal implantation experiments have shown that the HASiGdCe coating also has excellent biosafety, antimicrobial and osteogenic properties in vivo. Conclusion The HASiGdCe coating confers excellent antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic properties on titanium implants, which can effectively enhance implant osseointegration and prevent bacterial infections, and it accordingly has promising applications in the treatment of bone defects related to orthopedic and dental sciences.

Study on the Antibacterial Activity and Bone Inductivity of Nanosilver/PLGA-Coated TI-CU Implants

“…Finally, we performed RT‒PCR on cDNA using the SYBR Green Pro Taq HS Premix qPCR Kit II (Accurate Biology, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 15 Triplicate data were analyzed using the 2 −ΔΔCT method, and GAPDH was used as the internal reference gene for normalization. The primers used for the amplification of different genes via real-time PCR analysis are shown in Table 2 (N=6).…”

“… 12 , 13 Approximately 18% of implant failures are reported to be attributable to aseptic loosening due to inadequate osseointegration, while 20% are attributed to bacterial infection, and some are attributed to both. 14 , 15 Therefore, in order to achieve better clinical results, there is an urgent need to develop implants with both antimicrobial and osteogenic properties.…”