Doped organic semiconductors: Physics and application in light emitting diodes

Pfeiffer, Martin; Leo, Karl; Zhou, Xiang; Huang, Jinsong; Hofmann, Michaël; Werner, Ansgar; Blochwitz‐Nimoth, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2003.08.004

Cited by 385 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The performance of Pc-based devices is known to be enhanced by doping with small organic molecules, 6 although the impact on charge-carrier transport mechanisms is far from being fully understood. Most of the information available has been obtained with macroscopic techniques like resistivity or Hall effect measurements, which focus on the slow components of charge-carrier diffusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muoniated radical states in the organic semiconductor phthalocyanine

et al. 2006

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Phthalocyanine samples of ZnPc, H 2 Pc, and CuPc were investigated with the muon spin rotation technique. In ZnPc and H 2 Pc, three muoniated radical states of paramagnetic origin were identified, two of which have hyperfine interactions in the range 110-150 MHz and correspond to muonium addition at the outer benzene rings. The third state has a smaller hyperfine interaction ͑about 25 MHz͒ and is tentatively assigned to addition at bridging nitrogen atoms. CuPc has an unpaired electron from the Cu atom, which originates a diamagneticlike signal upon muonium addition. The signal has two components with very different relaxation rates, corresponding to two different spatial couplings of the Cu electron with the muonium's electron.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muoniated radical states in the organic semiconductor phthalocyanine

et al. 2006

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Indeed, electronically active tail states and traps arising from static and dynamic disorder, 11,12 defects, and impurities 13 in molecular and polymeric semiconductor films used in devices play a fundamental role in limiting device performance. These states extend into the band gap of a material and further localize charge carriers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopant controlled trap-filling and conductivity enhancement in an electron-transport polymer

Higgins

Mohapatra

Barlow

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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Charge transport in organic semiconductors is often inhibited by the presence of tail states that extend into the band gap of a material and act as traps for charge carriers. This work demonstrates the passivation of acceptor tail states by solution processing of ultra-low concentrations of a strongly reducing air-stable organometallic dimer, the pentamethylrhodocene dimer, [RhCp*Cp]2, into the electron transport polymer poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)}, P(NDI2OD-T2). Variable-temperature current-voltage measurements of n-doped P(NDI2OD-T2) are presented with doping concentration varied through two orders of magnitude. Systematic variation of the doping parameter is shown to lower the activation energy for hopping transport and enhance film conductivity and electron mobility.

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“…A nanometer-size interfacial layer between the metal cathode and organic material in OLEDs plays the critical role in the carrier injection efficiency. In order to improve the injection efficiency of electrons, the low work function metal or alloys such as LiF are usually used to form low energy barriers for electron injection from the cathode to the organic material [34]. It has been shown that LiF is very effective in terms of facilitating electron injection.…”

Section: Organic Light Emitting Diode In Feoledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Emission Organic Light Emitting Diode

Yokoyama¹

2012

Organic Light Emitting Devices

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Doped organic semiconductors: Physics and application in light emitting diodes

Cited by 385 publications

References 49 publications

Muoniated radical states in the organic semiconductor phthalocyanine

Muoniated radical states in the organic semiconductor phthalocyanine

Dopant controlled trap-filling and conductivity enhancement in an electron-transport polymer

Field Emission Organic Light Emitting Diode

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