Doping competition of anions during the electropolymerization of pyrrole in aqueous solutions

Li, Yongfang; Fan, Yongfa

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(96)80197-4

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is in good agreement with the literature which states that large organic counter-ions (such as TSA) produce isotropic films with high crystallinity, resulting in high conductivity [4]. The baseline resistance values of duplicate films prepared under various conditions for each counter-ion are presented in Figs.…”

Section: Resistance Of Ppy/liclo 4 and Ppy/p-tsa Sensorssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This time the 1 mA/cm 2 sensor was most sensitive to methanol vapour, although once again, the sensitivity gains are negligible. The literature states that when lower current densities are employed during electropolymerisation of pyrrole, polymers of a more crystalline nature are produced [4] which may positively impact on the availability of active sites for gas/polymer interaction. Changing the current density within the range studied had little effect on the sensitivity of the PPy sensors for both counter-ions.…”

Section: Effect Of Polymerisation Current Density On Methanol Sensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reasonable to assume that the degree of crystallinity and conductivity will affect the sensitivity of the material when it is employed in gas sensing applications. The influence of the type of counter-ion on the crystallinity and conductivity of polypyrrole has been demonstrated by Li [4]. It is known that large organic counterions promote higher conductivity in PPy films, because they are more efficient space fillers and produce isotropic polymers with higher crystallinity than those incorporating small inorganic species [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polypyrrole materials for detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds

Hamilton

Hepher

Sommerville

2005

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Section: Resistance Of Ppy/liclo 4 and Ppy/p-tsa Sensorssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Effect Of Polymerisation Current Density On Methanol Sensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polypyrrole materials for detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds

Hamilton

Hepher

Sommerville

2005

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…One approach is in situ electrochemical grafting or copolymerization of PPy with chemical inert, nonconducting polymer, for example, polyoxyphenylene, forming a polymer blend or polymer composite, which increases the porosity of the conducting polymer and, hence, leads to faster diffusion of the vapor molecules into and out of the bulk of the polymer film [32]. Another approach is based on the so-called competitive doping process [34], which consists of the additional incorporation of a small spherical dopant, such as BF 4 or ClO 4 , besides the anion determining the sensitivity of PPy. Examples for PPy doped with CuPcTS + ClO 4 and NiPcTS + BF 4 have been given [13].…”

Section: Examples Of Kelvin Probe and Chemfet Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensing with Conducting Polymers

Potje‐Kamloth

2010

Electropolymerization

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IntroductionConducting polymers belong to the group of organic semiconductors. They have received considerable attention recently owing to their numerous potential applications in electronic components such as Schottky diodes [1], field-effect transistors (FETs) [2], and electroluminescent diodes [3,4]. Because of the inherent flexibility of organics and their relative ease of processing, as well as the easy tunability of electric properties by means of chemical substitutions, these materials provide new avenues in the development of electronic devices. Furthermore, these materials exhibit a particularity concerning their interaction with gases and vapors [5]. Interacting electrically neutral gas molecules can donate/accept fractional electronic charge, thereby changing the electronic properties of the matrix. The modulation of electrical properties of polymers upon interaction with gas depends on the type of the conducting polymer.The following sections give an overview of the basic properties of conducting polymers that are required to understand the operation of conducting polymer-based gas sensors. The mechanism of interactions between conducting polymers and gas or vapor species that is used as a transduction principle in gas sensors is discussed. Examples of the gas-sensing properties of conducting polymer gas sensors are given. They show how experimental and structural parameters of conducting polymers can influence the sensor characteristics. Electronic Properties of Conducting PolymersPolymers are typically associated with flexible, processible materials having electrically insulating properties. Although this is true of most polymers, a special class of these materials called conjugated polymers has the electrical and optical properties traditionally associated with metals and semiconductors, yet they retain the mechanical properties and the processibility of plastics [6]. Conjugated polymers Electropolymerization: Concepts, Materials and Applications. Edited by Serge Cosnier and Arkady Karyakin

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“…No doubt, the improved electronic conductivity would be beneficial for high electrochemical performances of TsONa/PPy/iron cathode. 30,31 Furthermore, the binder-free integration of TsONa/PPy/iron cathode may be also helpful.…”

Section: Charge/discharge Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation on Sodium p-Toluenesulfonate Doped Polypyrrole Cathode for Sodium Ion Battery

HouHongying

LiaoQishu

DuanJixiang

et al. 2017

Surface Innovations

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Sodium p-toluenesulfonate (TsONa)-doped polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized as the cathode active material of sodium ion battery by way of facile one-step electrodeposition on iron (Fe) foil. The micro-morphology and micro-structure of assynthesized TsONa/PPy/iron cathode were characterized in terms of scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction; furthermore, the electrochemical Na-storage activity of TsONa/PPy/iron cathode was investigated by methods of, galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry and alternating current impedance. As expected, the cauliflower-like TsONa-doped PPy particles tightly combined with the surface of the iron foil without any additional polymer binders; and also, the resultant TsONa/PPy/iron cathode delivered satisfactory electrochemical performances, mainly attributed to high Na-storage activity of PPy matrix and high electronic conductivity induced by doping of TsONa. For example, the reversible discharge capacity of TsONa/PPy/iron cathode remained about 98 mAh/g after at least 50 cycles and the corresponding coulombic efficiency was 92%, indicating high cyclic stability and reversibility of TsONa/PPy/iron cathode for sodium ion battery.

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Doping competition of anions during the electropolymerization of pyrrole in aqueous solutions

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Polypyrrole materials for detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds

Polypyrrole materials for detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds

Gas Sensing with Conducting Polymers

Observation on Sodium p-Toluenesulfonate Doped Polypyrrole Cathode for Sodium Ion Battery

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