Doping Lanthanide into Perovskite Nanocrystals: Highly Improved and Expanded Optical Properties

Abstract

Cesium lead halide (CsPbX) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have demonstrated extremely excellent optical properties and great application potentials in various optoelectronic devices. However, because of the anion exchange, it is difficult to achieve white-light and multicolor emission for practical applications. Herein, we present the successful doping of various lanthanide ions (Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Er, and Yb) into the lattices of CsPbCl perovskite NCs through a modified hot-injection method. For the lanthanide ions doped perovskite NCs, high photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) and stable and widely tunable multicolor emissions spanning from visible to near-infrared (NIR) regions are successfully obtained. This work indicates that the doped perovskite NCs will inherit most of the unique optical properties of lanthanide ions and deliver them to the perovskite NC host, thus endowing the family of perovskite materials with excellent optical, electric, or magnetic properties.

Surface ligand modification of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals for improved light-emitting performance

“…2g). 32 The distances between the lattice fringes of the four NC samples were all recorded as 0.41 nm for the (110) crystal face, indicating that here is no lattice change.…”

Yb3+ and Yb3+/Er3+ doping for near-infrared emission and improved stability of CsPbCl3 nanocrystals

“…This slightly increased average life time elevated the band edge emission PL QY from 5.0% to 7.7%, which may be attributed to some Cl vacancies passivated by doping with the metal ions. 38 The highest PL QY of NIR emission from Yb 3+ was 120.1%, calculated by a comparison of the intensity with the intrinsic excitonic emission of the CsPbCl 3 :Yb 3+ NCs. The integral intensity contrast spectrum acquired using a fiber optic spectrometer is shown in Fig.…”

“…4c) to explain this process. 38 Similar to the structured isoelectronic traps of a lanthanide ion doped GaN semiconductor, 46 the incorporation of Yb 3+ ions may generate a defect state in the middle of the band gap of the CsPbCl 3 NCs. When the CsPbCl 3 :Yb 3+ NCs were excited using 365 nm light, the CsPbCl 3 host generated excitons and they recombined through band gaps and emitted 408 nm light.…”

“…doped several lanthanide elements into CsPbCl 3 NCs and showed interesting changes. 38 Milstein et al . provided insights into the microscopic mechanism behind the extremely efficient sensitization of Yb 3+ luminescence in CsPbX 3 NCs.…”

Organic–inorganic metal halide hybrids beyond perovskites

“…Electronic and optical properties of semiconductors can be efficiently manipulated by doping different metal ions, such as Mn 2+ [15,16], Sn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ [146], Bi 3+ [147], Au 3+ [148], and various lanthanide ions (Ce 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Er 3+ , and Yb 3+ ) [149]. Among all these doped metal ions, Mn 2+ has attracted the most research attention, owing to the intriguing properties of Mn-doped metal halide hybrids, e.g.…”