Doping of polyacetylene by diffusion of iodine

Bénière, F.; Haridoss, S.; Louboutin, Jean Pierre; Aldissi, M.; Fabre, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1016/0022-3697(81)90117-7

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…a linear dependence at the beginning and a saturation for long doping time in agreement with the relations [2] and [3]. The starting material presents an uniform density in its cross section.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, until now very sparse work about the dopant diffusion inside the film was published, only Bénière [3] pointed out the existence of inhomogeneous dopant concentration through the sample using the iodine radioactive method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Generally the impurity (dopant) concentration through a sample is explained using the usual Fick's law. In our case, the dopant concentration profile C(z, t) is, for a long doping time, and its mean value C through the slide was calculated by Bénière et al [3] and reduces to :…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for a short doping time and for a long doping time (3) relations in which Co is given by the vapour pressure of the gazeous dopant (its value is fixed by the temperature at which the doping process is performed), D is the dopant diffusion coefficient, t the time and 1 the slide thickness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Castaing microprobe analysis of doped polyacetylene films

Rolland

Aldissi²,

Cadéne³

et al. 1982

Rev. Phys. Appl. (Paris)

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2014 Le dopage a permis de modifier considérablement les propriétés électriques du polyacétylène, et a été le point de départ de l'intérêt considérable porté à ce matériau depuis quelques années. Ce court article met en évidence l'existence d'un dopage inhomogène observé avec les dopants I2 et SbF5. Il montre en conséquence les risques d'erreur que ces inhomogénéités peuvent introduire lors de l'interprétation de certaines mesures physiques. Abstract 2014 By doping, the electrical behaviour of polyacetylene film was considerably modified leading to the large development of the research in the field of conducting polymers. The aim of this paper is to point out the inhomogeneity of the dopant through the film cross section, in particular with I2 and SbF5. It is also evidenced that errors may be induced by these inhomogeneities in the interpretation of physical measurements.

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Castaing microprobe analysis of doped polyacetylene films

Rolland

Aldissi²,

Cadéne³

et al. 1982

Rev. Phys. Appl. (Paris)

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“…24,68 Our combined observations support and explain recent reports that halide species permeate the HTM bulk in appreciable concentrations. 14,16,[18][19][20][21]66 Thus, electrochemical features and current−voltage hysteresis are not limited to ion accumulation at perovskite/HTM interfaces, and the processes may be more complex than initially proposed. Our results also indicate that HTM dedoping by iodide may be insignificant in solid-state perovskite devices where I 2 released from the perovskite instead contributes to further doping (Figure 4b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Organic Hole Transport Material Ionization Potential Dictates Diffusion Kinetics of Iodine Species in Halide Perovskite Devices

et al. 2021

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Iodine-containing volatiles are major degradation products of halide perovskite materials under irradiation, yet iodine diffusion kinetics into and throughout organic hole transport materials (HTMs) and consequent reactions are largely unexplored. Here, we modify the Ca:O2 corrosion test to Ag:I2 to quantify I2 transmission rates through common organic HTMs. We observe I2 permeability to inversely correlate with HTM ionization energy, or the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy. Tracking electronic conductance during exposure to I2 confirms shallow HOMO HTMs are strongly oxidized (i.e., doped), leading to substantial I2 uptake and increased transmission rates. Finally, relationships between HOMO level, doping, and transmission rate are maintained when methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) photolysis products are the only source of iodine. While HTM energetics influence the initial performance of halide perovskite devices by selective charge extraction, our results further suggest they will affect device stability; deeper HOMO energy HTMs will suppress iodine migration and associated degradation mechanisms.

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Nanotube‐Based Ultrafast Electrochromic Display

Cho

Kwon²,

Choi³

et al. 2005

Advanced Materials

292

146

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and those measured on PDMS were 100.1 and 77.7. Surface energies of indium tin oxide (ITO) and Alq 3 and interfacial energy from the literature [14] which will bring revolutionary advances in the display technology, owing to attributes such as thin and flexible materials, fast switching times, and low-power consumption. However, current electrochromic technologies need to be improved in order to play moving images due to their slow color-switching rates.[1,2,5±11] Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its derivatives are an ideal electrochromic material of conducting polymers for electronic paper due to their good color, mechanical stabilities, and facile fabrication.[5±11] Much work has been performed in order to improve contrast ratios and color switching rates by synthetic approaches.[5±11] It appears, however, that there are no examples of their use in electrochromic displays with moving-image speeds (24 frames/s; switching times of < 40 ms). This is due to the fact that the color-switching rate of PEODT is limited by the diffusion rate of counter-ions into the film during the redox process. The diffusion time, t, of ions required to reach a saturation concentration in a polymer film, that implies switching time, is proportional to the square of film thickness, x: t µ x 2 /D, where D is the diffusion coefficient of an ion in a polymer film. [12,13] Therefore, the simplest way to overcome the slow switching rates is to decrease the diffusion distance of ions, that is, to reduce film thickness. Based on the reported switching time of 2.2 s for a 300 nm thick PEDOT film, [5] we expect the switching time to be approximately 10 ms for a 20 nm thick film. However, the coloration of such a thin film is never sufficient for display applications. An array structure of PEDOT nanotubes provides an attractive solution to both of these limitations, slow switching rates and extent of coloration. Figure 1 explains that the wall thickness of PEDOT nanotubes can provide ions with short COMMUNICATIONS

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Doping of polyacetylene by diffusion of iodine

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Castaing microprobe analysis of doped polyacetylene films

Castaing microprobe analysis of doped polyacetylene films

Organic Hole Transport Material Ionization Potential Dictates Diffusion Kinetics of Iodine Species in Halide Perovskite Devices

Nanotube‐Based Ultrafast Electrochromic Display

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