Doppler Assessment of the Effect of Chewing Qat on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries

Ibrahim, Mohamed; Malik, Bushra Hussein A.; Gameraddin, Moawia

doi:10.3923/jms.2017.95.101

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…They found that the RI and PI were significantly lower after chewing khat. [ 10 ] They studied the influence for 2 h before and after chewing khat. In contrast, the RI and PI in the current study increased significantly due to the long-term use of khat for several years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reported that the PSV and EDV increased after chewing khat. [ 10 ] The elevation of blood flow velocity might be attributed to increased HR and BP as a consequence of chewing khat. Abnormal carotid flow velocities and pulsatility may be associated with cardiovascular events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that a duration of 4 h causes increased BP and HR with decreased RI and PI. [ 10 ] Another study reported that the long term of khat chewing was significantly associated with increased systolic BP and diastolic BP. [ 8 ] Consequently, the increased BP would elevate the Doppler parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Khat (Catha edulis) on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries in Regular Khat Chewers

Gameraddin

Abdalmalik

Ibrahim

2021

Journal of Medical Ultrasound

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Background: To evaluate the effect of chewing khat on the hemodynamics of the common carotid arteries (CCAs) using Doppler ultrasound imaging. Methods: This is a cross-sectional case–control study. Fifty volunteers who were chronic regular khat chewers were selected and compared with healthy nonkhat chewers. They were examined using Doppler imaging with a 7–10 MHz linear transducer. The resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and end-diastolic velocity of the CCAs were determined according to the standard protocol of carotid Doppler ultrasound. Results: The RI and PI of the right and left CCAs were significantly higher in khat chewers compared to controls ( P < 0.001). The PSV of the right and left CCAs was considerably higher in khat chewers compared to controls ( P < 0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: The Doppler values of blood flow velocity, resistivity, and pulsatility were significantly higher in chronic regular khat chewers compared to nonkhat chewers. Khat is a significant contributory factor for increasing the hemodynamics of the CCAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Khat (Catha edulis) on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries in Regular Khat Chewers

Gameraddin

Abdalmalik

Ibrahim

2021

Journal of Medical Ultrasound

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“…The flow velocities were increased and the Doppler indices were decreased when assessing the immediate effect of Khat chewing on Doppler hemodynamics of common carotid arteries (Ibrahim et al, 2017). Doppler ultrasonography scan is non-invasive and appropriate for the bedside examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…With the measuring of flow volumes in the carotid arteries (CAs), this technique has been used to detect extracerebral blood flow among healthy populations. Doppler's indices; resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are common parameters for characterizing the waveform to translate the vascular resistance (Ibrahim et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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JST

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Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology (JST) is the official journal of Universiti Putra Malaysia published by UPM Press. It is an open-access online scientific journal which is free of charge. It publishes the scientific outputs. It neither accepts nor commissions third party content.Recognized internationally as the leading peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal devoted to the publication of original papers, it serves as a forum for practical approaches to improving quality in issues pertaining to science and engineering and its related fields.JST is a quarterly (January, April, July and October) periodical that considers for publication original articles as per its scope. The journal publishes in English and it is open to authors around the world regardless of the nationality.

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The prevalence of selected risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Hargeisa, Somaliland: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory conditions and cancers, are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Information on the prevalence estimates of NCD risk factors such as smoking, low fruit & vegetable intake, physical inactivity, raised blood pressure, overweight, obesity and abnormal blood lipid are scarce in Somaliland. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these selected risk factors for NCDs among 20–69 year old women and men in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of Hargeisa (Somaliland), using the STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) to collect data on demographic and behavioral characteristics and physical measurements ( n = 1100). The STEPS approach is a standardized method for collecting, analysing and disseminating data on NCD risk factor burden. Fasting blood sugar, serum lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides) were collected in half of the participants. Results The vast majority of participants had ≤1 serving of fruits daily (97.7%) and ≤ 1 serving of vegetables daily (98.2%). The proportion of participants with low physical activity levels was 78.4%. The overall prevalence of high salt intake was 18.5%. The prevalence of smoking and khat chewing among men was 27 and 37% respectively, and negligible among women. In women, the prevalence of hypertension increased from 15% in the age group 20–34 years to 67% in the age group 50–69 years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) from 51 to 73%, and the prevalence of diabetes from 3 to 22%. Similar age-trends were seen in men. Conclusion Most of the selected risk factors for noncommunicable diseases were high and increased by age in both women and men. Overweight and obesity and low physical activity needs intervention in women, while hypertension and low fruit and vegetable consumption needs intervention in both men and women. Somaliland health authorities should develop and/or strengthen health services that can help in treating persons with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, and prevent a future burden of NCDs resulting from a high prevalence of NCD risk factors.

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Doppler Assessment of the Effect of Chewing Qat on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

The Impact of Khat (Catha edulis) on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries in Regular Khat Chewers

The Impact of Khat (Catha edulis) on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries in Regular Khat Chewers

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The prevalence of selected risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Hargeisa, Somaliland: a cross-sectional study

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