Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectrum of rubidium

Stoicheff, B. P.; Weinberger, E.

doi:10.1139/p79-293

Cited by 85 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We estimate systematic shifts to be on the order of 200 kHz, resulting in < ∼ 300 kHz uncertainty of the ground state ionization energy. The ground state ionization energy found in this work is within the uncertainty stated by Stoicheff and Weinberger [12] and is two orders of magnitude more accurate. [11] and of 87 Rb as determined in this work.…”

Section: Quantum Defects and Ionization Energysupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Absolute measurements of the nS and nD lines of 85 Rb as well as the isotope shift for 87 Rb have been done by Stoicheff and Weinberger [12] using two-photon spec-troscopy with an accuracy of 100 MHz. Higher accuracy measurements include the nF states of the 85 Rb isotope with an accuracy of 8 MHz [13] and on the nS levels of 85 Rb with an uncertainty greater than 6 MHz [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of absolute transition frequencies ofRb87tonSand
Mack
¹
,
Karlewski
²
,
Hattermann
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. A
112
5
98
1
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We report the measurement of absolute excitation frequencies of 87 Rb to nS and nD Rydberg states. The Rydberg transition frequencies are obtained by observing electromagnetically induced transparency on a rubidium vapor cell. The accuracy of the measurement of each state is < ∼ 1 MHz, which is achieved by frequency stabilizing the two diode lasers employed for the spectroscopy to a frequency comb and a frequency comb calibrated wavelength meter, respectively. Based on the spectroscopic data we determine the quantum defects of 87 Rb, and compare it with previous measurements on 85 Rb. We determine the ionization frequency from the 5S 1/2 (F =1) ground state of 87 Rb to 1010.0291646(3) THz, providing the binding energy of the ground state with an accuracy improved by two orders of magnitude.

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Section: Quantum Defects and Ionization Energysupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies ofRb87tonSand
Mack
¹
,
Karlewski
²
,
Hattermann
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. A
112
5
98
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The relative phase is shifted by n/4 from one plot to the next. Parameters extracted from one-photon angular distributions [12], two-photon angular distributions [15], and continuum state phase differences [16][17][18][19] have been used to generate these plots. The plots in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Asymmetric photoelectron angular distributions from interfering photoionization processes

et al. 1992

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We have measured asymmetric photoelectron angular distributions for atomic rubidium. Ionization is induced by a one-photon interaction with 280 nm light and by a two-photon interaction with 560 nm light. Interference between the even-and odd-parity free-electron wave functions allows us to control the direction of maximum electron flux by varying the relative phase of the two laser fields. PACS numbers: 32.80.Fb, 32.80.Rm Interferences between different optical interactions involving the same initial and final states have attracted a great deal of attention lately. We showed previously [1] the variation of atomic excitation probability in mercury with the relative phase of the fields when a laser field and its third harmonic were focused into a mercury vapor cell. The interfering interactions have also been demonstrated in the total ionization rate in a molecular system, HC1, by Park, Lu, and Gordon [2]. We have also demonstrated the effect of phase and amplitude variations of focused beams on the interference measurements [3]. Muller et al. [4] exploited the interfering interactions as a probe of above threshold ionization (ATI) effects in atomic krypton using an electron detector sensitive to electrons ejected only in the direction of the laser polarization. Calculations of this interference effect for high-intensity fields have been reported [5,6]. Similar results involving oneand two-photon absorption by a photocathode were reported by Baranova et al. [7,8]. These authors have recently extended their technique to an atomic system [9], and report interference for two-photon versus one-photon ionization of the 4s state of atomic sodium. Secondharmonic generation in optical fibers has been attributed [10] to the asymmetry reported in this Letter as well.In this Letter we will discuss our observations of asymmetric photoelectron angular distributions in rubidium resulting from this type of interference. To induce this asymmetry, we generate a laser field consisting of two frequencies, one an ultraviolet field capable of photoionizing the atom through the absorption of a single photon, and the second a visible field for which the absorption of two photons is required for photoionization. The frequency of the first field is precisely twice that of the second. The continuum state produced upon interaction of the atom with this field can be expressed as a coherent combination of even-parity states (eS and sD) and an oddparity state (eP), and is, therefore, neither symmetric nor antisymmetric. In effect, it is the asymmetry of the field which leads to an asymmetric photoelectron angular distribution. Varying the relative phase and amplitude of the two field components changes the observed asymmetry of the photoelectron angular distribution. Our results clearly show that the photoelectron fluxes in opposite directions are anticorrelated. The magnitude of the asymmetry is as large as 4:1. In this Letter, we will first present a simple theory of the asymmetry based on perturbation theory, then discuss our experiment...

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“…Using the angular distribution data a2 and a4 given in Table I and Eqs. (8) - (10) with C set to zero, we determine cos{t) and o, /od. These results are shown in Table II and in Figs.…”

Section: Photoelectron Angular Distributions For Two-photon Ionizatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 is the cosine of the phase difference between the S and D partial waves calculated from quantum-defect data and the Coulomb phase shift. The quantum-defect phase shift 6, -5d is a slowly varying function of energy, and can be extrapolated from measurements of the S and D bound-state energy levels [8,10,11]. These phase shifts for the S wave and D wave are given by 5, = (3.…”

Section: Photoelectron Angular Distributions For Two-photon Ionizatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectron angular distributions for two-photon ionization of atomic rubidium

Yin

Elliott

1993

Phys. Rev. A

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In this paper we report measurements of photoelectron angular distributions for two-photon ionization of atomic rubidium. These measurements are carried out over a range of laser wavelengths from 591 to 532 nm. Relative cross sections for the various photoionization channels and continuum-wavefunction phase differences are derived from the data. These phase differences are not in good agreement with calculations of phase differences based on quantum-defect data and Coulomb phase shifts. PACS number{s): 32.80.Fb Photoelectron angular distributions have become a powerful too1 in the study of atomic structure and atomfield interactions.The photoionization processes for these measurements are often of very high order, due to large atomic ionization potentials and long-wavelength laser sources. In this report, we will discuss photoelectron angular distributions for two-photon, nonresonant photoionization of atomic rubidium. Our primary interest in these measurements stems from our related studies of interference between different low-order ionization processes, and the spatial asymmetry induced in the photoelectron Aux by this interference [1]. These measurements are also of interest, however, because they are of only second order in the optical field, and are performed on an alkali atom, making possible detailed calculation of these energy dependent angular distributions. In the following sections of this report, we will brieAy discuss our measurement technique, compare our results with previously reported related results, and present a simple analysis of relative cross sections and phase differences for the various photoionization channels for this atom.The experimental system for measuring photoelectron angular distributions, shown in Fig. 1, is similar to that described previously E2, 3]. The number of electrons ejected in the direction 8, where 8 is defined with respect to the electric-field polarization of the laser beam, are counted using an electron detector and a pulse count-ing system. The electron detector is fixed in space, and the electron count is recorded as the laser polarization is rotated. The dye laser system in this experiment consists of a tunable oscillator with three stages of amplification, all pumped by the frequency doubled output of a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser. Using difFerent dye solutions (R590, R610, and DCM) we obtained TEMOO mode output at seven different wavelengths in the range from 550.5 to 591 nm. We also measured the angular distribution at 532 nm using the second harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser directly. The kinetic energy of the photoelectrons produced in the two-photon process ranges from 19.6 meV (for X=591.0 nm) to 485 meV (for A, =532 nm). The average laser power was 10 mJ, weakly focused to a beam diameter of 0.7 mm. We used a half-wave Fresnel rhomb to rotate the polarization of the laser beam. Through careful alignment of the rhomb and its axis of rotation, displacement of the laser beam in the interaction region was less than 0.2 mm. The polariz...

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Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectrum of rubidium

Cited by 85 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies ofRb87tonSand
Mack
¹
,
Karlewski
²
,
Hattermann
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. A
112
5
98
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies ofRb87tonSand
Mack
¹
,
Karlewski
²
,
Hattermann
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. A
112
5
98
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Asymmetric photoelectron angular distributions from interfering photoionization processes

Photoelectron angular distributions for two-photon ionization of atomic rubidium

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Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectrum of rubidium

Cited by 85 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies ofRb87tonSandMack1, Karlewski2, Hattermann3 et al. 2011Phys. Rev. A1125981View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies ofRb87tonSandMack1, Karlewski2, Hattermann3 et al. 2011Phys. Rev. A1125981View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Asymmetric photoelectron angular distributions from interfering photoionization processes

Photoelectron angular distributions for two-photon ionization of atomic rubidium

Contact Info

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Resources

About

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies ofRb87tonSand
Mack
¹
,
Karlewski
²
,
Hattermann
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. A
112
5
98
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies ofRb87tonSand
Mack
¹
,
Karlewski
²
,
Hattermann
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. A
112
5
98
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite