Dormancy and germination of heteromorphic achenes of Bidens frondosa

Brändel, Markus

doi:10.1078/0367-2530-00150

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…These studies have shown that the two fruit or seed morphs may differ in mass (Sorensen, 1978;Venable and Levin, 1985a;Ruiz de Clavijo, 2001), shape (Baker and O'Dowd, 1982;Cordazzo, 2006), colour (Li et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2008) and presence/absence, length and density of the pappus (Venable and Levin, 1985a;Imbert et al, 1997;Brändel, 2007). Functionally, the two morphs may differ in dispersal mode and ability (Sorensen, 1978;Baker and O'Dowd, 1982;Ma et al, 2010), ability to persist in a seed bank (Philipupillai and Ungar, 1984;Venable and Levin, 1985b;Joley et al, 2003) and dormancy/germination characteristics (Venable and Levin, 1985a;El-Keblawy, 2003;Brändel, 2004). However, fewer studies have been done on plants that produce three (trimorphic) fruit/seed types (Venable et al, 1987;Mandák and Pyšek, 2005;Wei et al, 2007) and even fewer on those that produce more than three ( polymorphic) fruit/seed types (Ruiz de Clavijo, 1995;Ruiz de Clavijo and Jiménez, 1998;Gardocki et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Tan

Baskin

et al. 2013

Annals of Botany

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† Background and Aims Several studies have demonstrated trade-offs between depth of seed dormancy and dispersal ability for diaspore-dimorphic species. However, relatively little is known about trade-offs between these two life history traits for a species that produces more than two diaspore morphs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between seed dormancy and dispersal in Ceratocarpus arenarius, an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual that produces a continuum of dispersal unit morphs. † Methods A comparison was made of dispersal and dormancy breaking/germination responses of dispersal units from ground level (a), the middle of the plant canopy (c) and the top of the plant canopy (f ). Various features of the morphology and mass of dispersal units and fruits (utricles) were measured. The role of bracteoles in diaspore dispersal by wind, settlement onto the soil surface and dormancy/germination was determined by comparing responses of intact dispersal units and fruits. Movement of dispersal units by wind and animals, seed after-ripening, germination phenology and the presence of water-soluble germination inhibitors in bracteoles were tested using standard procedures. † Key Results Dispersal units a, c and f differed in morphology and mass; in the majority of cases, extremes were exhibited by a and f, with c being intermediate. Overall, relative dispersal ability was f . c . a, whereas relative intensity of dormancy was a . c . f. Bracteoles increased dispersal distance by wind, enhanced settlement of diaspores onto the soil surface and mechanically inhibited germination. † Conclusions The results provide evidence for a model in which there is a continuous inverse-linear relationship between diaspore dispersal ability and depth of dormancy. Thus, dispersal unit heteromorphism of C. arenarius results in a continuum, from no dispersal ability/high dormancy (dispersal unit a) to high dispersal ability/low dormancy (unit f ), which may be a bet-hedging strategy in the cold desert environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Tan

Baskin

et al. 2013

Annals of Botany

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“…Apart from these exceptions, most of achene variation is found within capitula. Besides variation in morphology, achenes may also vary markedly in size (Venable & al., 1987;McGinley, 1989;Maxwell & al., 1994;Imbert & al., 1996;Van Mölken & al., 2005;Brändel, 2007 ly the heaviest ones, whereas those adapted for greater dispersal are generally lighter (McEvoy, 1984;Tanowitz & al., 1987;Venable & al., 1987;Imbert & al., 1996;Imbert & Ronce, 2001;Brändel, 2004Brändel, , 2007Bastida & Menéndez, 2004, Bastida & al., 2010 among others). With regard to germination performance, recent research suggests that variation in achene size may be the main driver of divergent behavior exhibited by seeds from different achene morphs (Van Mölken & al., 2005;Torices & Méndez, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of <i>Anacyclus</i> (Anthemideae, Asteraceae)

Torices

Agudo

Álvarez

2013

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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Torices, R., Agudo, A. & Álvarez, I. 2013. Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of Anacyclus (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 70(1): 48-55.The production of two or more distinct fruit types by an individual, i.e. heterocarpy, is considered as a mixed dispersal strategy in which a proportion of the offspring is able to colonize new sites, whilst others remain near the maternal location. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of achene morphology (winged vs. unwinged achenes) and achene size -measured here as achene mass-on post-dispersal life-history traits (probability and time of seedling emergence) in three heterocarpic Anacyclus species (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Morphology, size and germination performance were studied in achenes from six populations of Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers., A. homogamos (Maire) Humphries, and A. valentinus L. Our results show that achene morphology and size were related to their position within the capitulum, such that outer, winged achenes were significantly heavier than the inner, unwinged ones. Additionally, winged achenes germinated faster than unwinged ones. This pattern may be related to the sequential achene time of release displayed by these species. Finally, our findings cast doubt on the role of wings as structures that favor dispersal by wind in these three species of Anacyclus. Keywords: bet-hedging, Compositae, heterocarpy, mixed strategy, position effects, weeds, winged fruits. ResumenTorices, R., Agudo, A. & Álvarez, I. 2013. No sólo importa el tamaño: la morfología del aquenio afecta al tiempo de emergencia de la plántula en tres especies heterocárpicas de Anacyclus (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 70(1): 48-55 (en inglés).La producción de dos o más tipos de frutos diferentes por un mismo individuo, i.e. heterocarpia, es considerada como una estrategia mixta de dispersión en la que una parte de la descendencia es capaz de colonizar nuevos sitios, mientras que la otra permanece cerca de la planta madre. En este trabajo, nuestro objetivo fue explorar los efectos de la morfología del aquenio (aquenios alados vs. no alados) y de su tamaño -medido aquí como masa del aquenio-en la etapa del ciclo de vida siguiente a la dispersión (probabilidad de germinación y tiempo de emergencia de las plántulas) de tres especies heterocárpicas del género Anacyclus (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Se estudió la morfología, el tamaño y la germinación en aquenios de seis poblaciones de Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers., A. homogamos (Maire) Humphries y A. valentinus L. Nuestros resultados indican que tanto la morfología del aquenio como su tamaño estaban relacionados con su posición en el capítulo, de manera que los aquenios más externos -aladoseran significativamente más pesados que los internos -sin alas-. Además, los aquenios alados germinaron más rápidamente que los no alados. Este patrón puede estar relacionado con la liberación secuencial de los aquenios que ocurre en estas ...

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“…As plantas de S. nodiflora originadas de cipselas centrais (Ÿ) e periféricas (Ŷ) foram submetidas à luz solar direta (símbolo vazado) e sombra (símbolo cheio). ROCHA, 1996, BRÄNDEL, 2004, FENNER & THOMPSON, 2005. A disposição das cipselas é outro aspecto a ser levado em conta, pois quando maduro os pappi das cipselas centrais encontram-se expostos no capítulo, enquanto as cipselas periféricas ficam protegidas pelas brácteas.…”

Section: Crescimento E Produtividade Vegetalunclassified

“…Ou ainda pode existir dormência fisiológica para ambos os morfotipos em níveis diferentes que diminui ao longo do período após a dispersão do diásporo (BRÄNDEL, 2004, SUN et al, 2009.…”

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Desenvolvimento de plantas e germinação em cipselas dimórficas de Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)

Filho¹

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Dormancy and germination of heteromorphic achenes of Bidens frondosa

Cited by 73 publications

References 18 publications

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of <i>Anacyclus</i> (Anthemideae, Asteraceae)

Desenvolvimento de plantas e germinação em cipselas dimórficas de Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)

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