“…For cases with inherited mutations or genomic alterations, prenatal diagnosis should be offered as recurrence risk is high, that is, 50% for the majority of IDs and 25% for TNDM1 caused by ZFP57 mutation. In cases with de novo mutations or genomic alterations, the recurrence risk is low; however, the possibility of germline mosaicism exists, 55,56 thus, prenatal testing could be offered for reassurance. UPD with normal karyotype is considered a sporadic event and invasive prenatal testing is not indicated.…”