Dosage trials with transmucosal carfentanil citrate in non-human primates

Kearns, Karen S.; Swenson, Brent; Ramsay, Edward C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1999)18:5<397::aid-zoo4>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…This corresponds to a surface concentration of 0.41 μg/cm 2 or 1.04 nmol/cm 2 ; the amount of substance on the tatter is 25 nmol. For a man with a weight of 75 kg, this absolute amount would stand for a dosage of 0.13 μg/kg which is ten times less than needed to immobilize chimpanzees [] (ED 50 , LD 50 , or clinical trials do not exist for human beings). The dried garment sample was extracted in 25 mL of a 0.6 μmol/L methanolic carfentanil‐D5 solution by ultrasonication for 15 min at 40°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of fentanyl derivatives at trace levels with nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray‐tandem mass spectrometry (MSⁿ, n = 2, 3): Analytical method and forensic applications

2012

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The identification of fentanyl derivatives at trace levels employing capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS(n) , n = 2, 3) is presented. The studied synthetic opioid fentanyl and its derivatives have an exceeding analgesic potency which can be up to 8000 times higher that of morphine. Apart from their therapeutical applications, there is an abuse of them in the drug scene as a heroin substitute. The identification of these opioids at trace levels is of further significant forensic interest with respect to recent seizures of clandestine fentanyl laboratories in Germany. In this work, a nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE)-ESI-MS(n) procedure was developed for the separation and identification of six fentanyl derivatives including fentanyl, cis- and trans-methylfentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, and carfentanil. Their fragmentation pattern in MS(n) experiments were investigated as well as the influence of the sheath-liquid mixture and the influence of the inside diameter of the fused silica capillary on the peak shape and the signal to noise ratio. Method validation included determination of the detection limits (about 1-2 nmol/L) and the repeatability of migration time (at most 0.07% relative standard deviation). The NACE-MS procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of real samples from seizures in illegal fentanyl laboratories.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%