Dose and time response of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium sp. on the abundances of several microorganisms in the rumen liquid of dairy goats

Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status

“…inclusion may result in higher degradation of DPA and DHA during a longer interval experiment. However, considering the rumen microbiome of Schizochytrium-fed goats of our previous study, there was observed a significant alteration of the whole investigated species after the 20th experimental day in both species floated in the liquid or adhered to feed particles while no considerable changes were revealed between 40th and 60th day [10,11]. Nevertheless, the investigation of the genomic footprint of the ruminal microbial communities is not always corresponded to the microbes' biochemical activity and metabolism and consequently their enzymatic potential [59].…”

“…However, high inclusion levels of Schizochytrium spp. in goats' diet with a moderate forage to concentrate (F:C = 50:50), ratio reduced the abundance of cellulolytic microbes and caused milk fat depression [10,11].…”

“…Taking into consideration the aforementioned and our preliminary results from previous trials on Schizochytrium spp. in goats diet [7,10,11,16], the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two inclusion levels of Schizochytrium spp. (20 g and 40 g/day) and two forage to concentrate ratios (60/40 and 40/60) (a) on milk performance and chemical composition, (b) on the fatty acid profile of blood plasma and milk, and on (b) gSH-Px, CAT, SOD, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) activities in blood plasma and SOD, gR, CAT, and lactoperoxidase (LPO) activities in milk and (c) total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress indicators (MDA and protein carbonyls (PCs) in both blood plasma and milk of dairy goats.…”

Alternative and Unconventional Feeds in Dairy Diets and Their Effect on Fatty Acid Profile and Health Properties of Milk Fat

“…Moreover, rumen-protected microalgae [ 79 ], okara meal, oak tannin extract and hops have the potential to improve the PUFA content in milk. On the other hand, the response in milk PUFA levels to feeding with various algal feeds was inconsistent (compare values in Table 3 ), suggesting that the transfer of desirable FAs from feed into milk can be influenced by many factors, such as the composition of the basal diet and the interaction of supplements with the forage type, the inclusion level, the length of supplementation, and the response of the rumen microflora to the dietary factors applied [ 190 ]. Furthermore, in a recent study, Mavrommatis et al [ 190 ] suggested that the transfer efficiency of DHA and DPA can be influenced by the phase of lactation.…”

“…On the other hand, the response in milk PUFA levels to feeding with various algal feeds was inconsistent (compare values in Table 3 ), suggesting that the transfer of desirable FAs from feed into milk can be influenced by many factors, such as the composition of the basal diet and the interaction of supplements with the forage type, the inclusion level, the length of supplementation, and the response of the rumen microflora to the dietary factors applied [ 190 ]. Furthermore, in a recent study, Mavrommatis et al [ 190 ] suggested that the transfer efficiency of DHA and DPA can be influenced by the phase of lactation. A low PUFA content in milk was found after feeding with dry oregano forage regardless of the EO content, blue lupine, some tanniferous plants (hazel and silver birch), macroalgae [ 188 ], and Spirulina platensis [ 8 , 67 ] (see Table 3 ).…”