Dose coefficients for the embryo and foetus following intakes of radionuclides by the mother

Stather, J.W.; Phipps, A. W.; Harrison, J. D.; Eckerman, K.F.; Smith, T.; Fell, Timothy; Noßke, D.

doi:10.1088/0952-4746/22/1/301

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results confirm that concentrations of radon decay products, such as bismuth and polonium (the main radioactive isotopes emitting alpha particles) are significantly lower in foetal tissues than in mothers [18,19]. Similarly, Kendall [20] has also shown that concentrations of radionuclides in embryonic tissues are almost systematically lower than the concentrations found in the tissues of the mother, and that the first part of a newborn's life (breastfeeding) is a period in which the absorbed dose is higher.…”

Section: Comet Assaysupporting

confidence: 70%

Genotoxic Effects in Mice Exposed to Radon Emissions in Indoor Conditions. Comparison between in utero and Neonatal Exposures

Foschi¹,

Orta²,

Radicchi³

et al. 2016

JLS

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to develop a biological model to evaluate the genotoxic effects of natural emissions of Radon-222 and its decay products. To this aim, mice of the Swiss CD1 strain were exposed to Radon for different periods (adult life, early postnatal and in utero exposure) and two simple but accurate mutagenicity tests (Micronucleus test and the Comet assay) were applied to the peripheral blood of mice. The study was carried out in two small towns in Latium region-Italy, where radon pollution is notoriously present due to the volcanic soils. One experiment was carried out in the cellar of a house in Ciampino (Rome) and two experiments were performed in an old cellar in Vetralla (Viterbo). The results showed that in all mice groups exposed to natural emissions of radon and its decay products, the micronucleated erythrocytes frequency (ME) was significantly higher than that observed in the mice control. The single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) was performed in lymphocytes of adult mice in the last experiment. The results for this test also show that DNA damage was higher than in the cells of the mice control and the cells of mice exposed for a shorter period of time. To confirm these findings, the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) was performed in lymphocytes of adult mice in the last experiment. Similarly, this result could be linked to a greater sensitivity of neonatal mice to radon emissions compared with intrauterine mice. Further investigations on the effects of radon and its decay products during the intrauterine life and the first neonatal period should be performed to better clarify its genotoxic activity.

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Section: Comet Assaysupporting

confidence: 70%

Genotoxic Effects in Mice Exposed to Radon Emissions in Indoor Conditions. Comparison between in utero and Neonatal Exposures

Foschi¹,

Orta²,

Radicchi³

et al. 2016

JLS

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“…The fetus begins to take up iodine at around 10-13 weeks of gestation when the fetal thyroid is capable of concentrating iodine, which crosses the placenta and synthesize thyroid hormones (3,15). Because of this reason, calculation of the fetus dose does not depend on the value of % uptake for the stage of early pregnancy and nmfdose program which does not include the value of % uptake can be used for this stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although during pregnancy it is strongly recommended to avoid diagnostic or therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures, in cases of clinical necessity or when the physician does not know about the pregnancy, patients may undergo certain nuclear medicine procedures. For these procedures, the absorbed dose to embryo/fetus depends upon deposit of radiopharmaceuticals in the maternal tissues, placental transfer of radiopharmaceuticals, retention and distribution of radiopharmaceuticals, the physical half-life, type of decay products and photon irradiation from radionuclides in the maternal tissues and placenta (2,3). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computer Program for Calculation of Approximate Embryo/Fetus Radiation Dose in Nuclear Medicine Applications

Bayram

Sönmez

2012

Mirt

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Objective: In this study, we aimed to make a computer program that calculates approximate radiation dose received by embryo/fetus in nuclear medicine applications. Material and Methods: Radiation dose values per MBq-1 received by embryo/fetus in nuclear medicine applications were gathered from literature for various stages of pregnancy. These values were embedded in the computer code, which was written in Fortran 90 program language. Results: The computer program called nmfdose covers almost all radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine applications. Approximate radiation dose received by embryo/fetus can be calculated easily at a few steps using this computer program. Conclusion: Although there are some constraints on using the program for some special cases, nmfdose is useful and it provides practical solution for calculation of approximate dose to embryo/fetus in nuclear medicine applications.Conflict of interest:None declared.

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“…Stather et al 43 estimated that, following tritium intakes by a mother during pregnancy, tritium concentrations in her fetus were 60% higher than in herself. As a result, the UK government's Health Protection Agency (formerly NRPB) now estimates 45 that doses in embryonic and fetal tissues are raised by factors of 1.5 to 2 compared to adult tissues following exposures to air releases of tritiated water vapor.…”

Section: Bioaccumulation Of 3 H and 14 C In Embryos And Fetusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesis to Explain Childhood Cancer near Nuclear Power Plants

Fairlie¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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As reported in this journal in 2009, the 2008 KiKK study in Germany found a 60% increase in all cancers and a 120% increase in leukemias among children living within 5 km of all German nuclear power stations. The KiKK study has triggered debates as to the cause(s) of these increased cancers. This article discusses the available evidence of leukemias near nuclear installations around the world. Over 60 epidemiological studies exist, the large majority of which indicate increases in leukemia incidence. The article also outlines a possible biological mechanism to explain the increased cancers, suggesting that doses from environmental nuclear power plant emissions to embryos/ fetuses in pregnant women near the plants may be larger than suspected, and that hemopoietic tissues may be considerably more radiosensitive in embryos/ fetuses than in newborn babies. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

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Dose coefficients for the embryo and foetus following intakes of radionuclides by the mother

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Genotoxic Effects in Mice Exposed to Radon Emissions in Indoor Conditions. Comparison between in utero and Neonatal Exposures

Genotoxic Effects in Mice Exposed to Radon Emissions in Indoor Conditions. Comparison between in utero and Neonatal Exposures

A Computer Program for Calculation of Approximate Embryo/Fetus Radiation Dose in Nuclear Medicine Applications

Hypothesis to Explain Childhood Cancer near Nuclear Power Plants

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