Dose-dependent effect of melatonin on postwarming development of vitrified ovine embryos

Effect of melatonin and/or cysteamine on development and vitrification of buffalo embryos

“…Melatonin beneficial effects on buffalo embryo development during post-warming culture were mainly due to oxidative index reduction [23]. It had been reported that ROS detoxifications play a major role in restoring embryo metabolic functions after warming [12].…”

“…This action may be chiefly effective for cryopreserved in vitro produced embryos, considering their poor cryotolerance [23]. Another example of the perfect antioxidants that could be used efficiently in maturation and culture media is cysteamine.…”

Reactive oxygen species-mediated unfolded protein response pathways in preimplantation embryos

“…In cloned mammalian cells, overexpression of IRE1 activates BiP- and CHOP-encoding genes to promote cell death [72]. During bovine preimplantation embryo development, the activated form of IRE1 upregulates non-conventional Xbp1 splicing, activating transcriptional activator genes, which specifically results in the transcription of ER chaperones and the halting of embryo growth [75]. Inhibition of sXbp1 increases porcine embryo development and the expression of antiapoptotic genes, whereas the expression of proapoptotic genes decreases [95].…”

Melatonin Scavenger Properties against Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Impact on <em>In Vitro</em> Embryo Production in Mammals

“…Rat Sperm 10mg/kg weekly for 8 weeks Improves sperm motility [101] Mouse Embryos 10 -12 M during in vitro culture of embryos produced by SCNT Increases the embryo development [102] Ovine Blastocysts 10-9 M during thawing after cryopreservation Improves the embryo development after postwarming culture [103] Human Patient 3 mg/day for 2 weeks Increases the fertilization rate I the second cycle and improves the fertilization and good quality embryos rate. [104] Deer Animal Subcutaneous implantation of 40 mg Elevates the serum FSH and LH levels, increases number of corpora luteal and the number of embryos [105] Human Oocytes 10 µmol/L during in vitro maturation Increases the preimplantation and pregnancy rate [106] Sheep Animal Subcutaneous implantation of 40 or 80 mg Increases corpus luteal, the number of recovered embryos, the pregnancy and birth rates, and the lambs born per embryo [107] Porcine Donor cell and embryos 10 -10 M in the medium for donor cell and 10 -9 M during in vitro culture of embryos produced by SCNT Increases the proliferation of fetal fibroblasts, blastocysts rate, reduces the apoptotic nuclei.…”

“…Melatonin added to culture medium increases the cleavage and blastocyst rates [88,124], increases hatching rate [103], increases the total cell number (TCN) [103] and improves trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) ratio in vitrified embryos [124]. Also, melatonin reduces the apoptotic index [103,124], promotes the activation of antioxidant enzymes like GST and SOD [88], decreases the level of oxidative substrates [88] and ameliorates the reduction of expression of important genes related in early embryo development, like NANOG and POU5F1 [88].…”