The decline in deaths from cardiovascular diseases in line with scientific
developments between 1950-2010 was impressive. Despite these significant advances,
cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. According
to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, 17.9 million people die due to CV
diseases every year, which corresponds to 31% of the total deaths worldwide.
Therefore, for many CV diseases, there is still a need for improved treatment, and this
is only possible with the development of new drugs.
Although investments in the previous decade have resulted in the development of many
innovative drugs in the treatment of CV diseases, today, pharmaceutical companies are
less enthusiastic about developing CV drugs, mainly due to financial and regulatory
difficulties. Indeed, today, institutes, associations and even organizations such as WHO
are taking over the sponsorship role that pharmaceutical industry players have
abandoned. In parallel, cardiovascular pipeline activity is shifting from large
pharmaceutical companies to small and medium-sized companies and from fast following drugs to first-in classes. This transformation in CV drug discovery and
development reveals significant challenges that require square up to. The aim of this
chapter is to discuss the global challenges faced in CV drug discovery and development
to find effective solutions.