Dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)₂D₃ on oxidative stress and apoptosis

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study is to examine the dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on apoptosis and oxidative stress. Methods In this study, 50 male Balb/c mice were used as control and experiment groups. The mice were divided into 5 groups each consisting of 10 mice. Calcitriol was intraperitoneally administered as low dose, medium dose, medium-high dose and high dose vitamin D groups (at 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μg/kg, respectively), for three times a week during 14 days. At the end of the study, annexin V was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status values were measured by colorimetric method in serum. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed in liver tissues and periodic acid schiff staining was performed in kidney tissues. Results While comparing the results of medium-high dose (5 μg/kg) and high dose (10 μg/kg) vitamin D administration to that of the control group, it was observed that serum antioxidant status and annexin V levels decreased and glomerular mesenchial matrix ratio increased in kidney (p<0.05). In addition to these findings, in the group receiving high dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg), it was observed that the damage to the liver increased together with the the oxidative stress index values (p<0.05). Conclusions As a result, this study was the first in the literature to report that use of high-dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg) results in oxidant effect, rather than being an antioxidant, and causes severe histopathological toxicity in the liver and kidney.

Excessive cholecalciferol supplementation increases kidney dysfunction associated with intrarenal artery calcification in obese insulin-resistant mice

“…Conversely, VitD 3 and its analogous have been reported as renoprotective, resulting in an attenuation of proteinuria, inflammation, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis and an improvement of glomerular ratio 20,21 . Reciprocal benefits include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis properties, podocyte protection, autophagy activation, immunomodulatory effects, hepatocyte growth factor induction, mitochondrial function regulation, and www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ tubular epithelium preservation, via epithelial-mesenchymal transition blockade [20][21][22] . Vitamin D 3 prescription has been increasing and its inappropriate supplementation may be associated with toxicity and hypercalcemia 23 .…”

Metabolomic analysis reveals the influence of IC50 vitamin D3 on RAW264.7 cells based on 1H NMR and UPLC‐MS/MS

“…Vitamin D deficiency is a global health issue. It occurs most commonly in people who do not have sufficient sunlight and/or lack food rich in vitamin D. Lack of vitamin D can cause chronic as well as acute diseases such as childhood dental caries, rickets, osteomalacia, 3 pre‐eclampsia, periodontitis, cancer and type II diabetes, as well as autoimmune, infectious, neurological and cardiovascular diseases 4 . Thus, vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of health and prevention of chronic diseases 5 …”

Calcitriol Exerts Prophylactic Anti-Mycobacterium Effect In A Dose-Dependent Manner

“…Although the therapeutic effect of Vitamin D on TB is suspicious, its prophylactic anti-TB effect and the underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Meanwhile, dozens of researches have reported the dose-dependent effects of Vitamin D on oxidative stress and apoptosis [17], immunomodulation [18], volumetric bone density and bone strength [19], as well as trans-differentiation of muscle to adipose cells [20]. Whether Vitamin D effectively exert a dose-dependent prophylactic anti-TB effect is undetermined.…”