Dose-dependent selective facilitation of response-contingent light-onset behavior by d-amphetamine

Gomer, Frank E.; Jakubczak, Leonard F.

doi:10.1007/bf00421961

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Second, in most, except a few, previous studies, responding during reinstatement testing was followed by discrete stimuli that were originally paired with heroin injections (eg, de Wit and Stewart, 1981;Stewart and Wise, 1992;Shaham and Stewart, 1995;Fattore et al, 2003;Leri et al, 2004;Luo et al, 2004;Yao et al, 2005) whereas in the present study, no programmed responsecontingent cues were available during reinstatement testing. As drugs of abuse can dramatically increase responding for both unconditioned and conditioned sensory stimuli in drug-naïve animals (eg, Berlyne, 1969;Gomer and Jakubczak, 1974;Robbins, 1976;Robbins and Koob, 1978), this factor could also have contributed to the specific outcome of the present study. In support of this interpretation, Shelton and Beardsley (2005) have recently shown that omission of response-contingent stimuli during testing abolishes stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats with limited access to the drug (2 h/day).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In support of this interpretation, Shelton and Beardsley (2005) have recently shown that omission of response-contingent stimuli during testing abolishes stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats with limited access to the drug (2 h/day). Whether the permissive effect of response-contingent cues on reinstatement depends on mere sensory reinforcement (ie, Berlyne, 1969;Tapp, 1969;Gomer and Jakubczak, 1974) and/or drug conditioning is unknown at present. Nevertheless, in view of this effect, it is possible that drug-induced reinstatement is crucially dependent on response-contingent cues in ShA rats but becomes independent of these cues in LgA rats after the transition to compulsive drug use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To signal drug delivery, the onset of each injection coincided with the noncontingent presentation of the 20-s time-out cue used during self-administration. No response-contingent light cue was available afterward during the 45-min inter-dose interval, however, because drugs of abuse can dramatically increase operant responding for discrete light cues in nonconditioned, drug-naïve rats (eg, Berlyne, 1969;Gomer and Jakubczak, 1974). Heroin-induced drug-seeking behavior (ie, non-reinforced lever pressing) was measured over 45 min after each dose.…”

Section: Heroin-induced Reinstatement Of Extinguished Respondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the absence of response-contingent stimuli. This within-session reinstatement procedure allowed one to measure the priming or reinstating effects of the drug, without the potential confounding influence of unconditioned and/or conditioned sensory reinforcement (eg, Berlyne, 1969;Tapp, 1969;Gomer and Jakubczak, 1974;Robbins and Koob, 1978). The sensitization hypothesis predicts that LgA rats should be more responsive than ShA rats to both the psychomotor and priming effects of cocaine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Heroin-Induced Reinstatement is Specific to Compulsive Heroin Use and Dissociable from Heroin Reward and Sensitization

Lenoir¹,

Ahmed²

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increased drug availability can precipitate a rapid transition to compulsive drug use in both vulnerable humans and laboratory animals. Recent studies have shown that despite equivalent levels of psychomotor sensitization, only rats with prolonged, but not limited, access to cocaine self-administration respond to the priming effects of cocaine on drug seeking, as measured in a within-session reinstatement model of drug craving. In this model, drug seeking is first extinguished and then reinstated by non-contingent presentations of the drug alone in the absence of response-contingent stimuli. Here, we assessed the generality of this observation in rats with daily short (1 h, ShA) vs long access (6 h, LgA) to i.v. heroin self-administration. As expected, heroin intake by LgA rats (n ¼ 24) increased over time to become excessive compared to heroin intake by ShA rats (n ¼ 24). After escalation, LgA rats tended to be less sensitive to heroin-induced locomotion (7.5-30 mg, i.v.) than ShA rats. In contrast, only LgA rats, not ShA rats, responded to the priming effects of heroin, as measured by the ability of heroin alone (7.5-30 mg, i.v.) to reinstate extinguished drug-seeking behavior. Finally, during the course of heroin intake escalation, a large proportion of LgA rats developed self-injury (mostly targeting the nails and digit tips of the forepaws), a negative consequence not seen in ShA rats. This study reproduces and extends previous research on compulsive cocaine use by showing that heroin-induced reinstatement is also specific to compulsive drug use and dissociable from heroin-induced reward and psychomotor sensitization. Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 32, 616-624.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heroin-induced Reinstatement Of Extinguished Respondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heroin-Induced Reinstatement is Specific to Compulsive Heroin Use and Dissociable from Heroin Reward and Sensitization

Lenoir¹,

Ahmed²

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During each reinstatement test, the lever was extended but lever pressing had no programmed consequence (no contingent drug injection or light cue presentation), thereby inducing a rapid withinsession extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior. Note that no contingent light cue was available during reinstatement testing because stimulant drugs can dramatically increase operant responding for discrete light changes in naïve rats (Berlyne, 1969;Gomer and Jakubczak, 1974). After 45 min of extinction, rats received five doses of cocaine, as described above.…”

Section: Cocaine-induced Reinstatement Of Drug-seeking Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation of Psychomotor Sensitization from Compulsive Cocaine Consumption

Ahmed¹,

Cador²

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

146

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transition from drug use to drug addiction is associated with a process of escalation, whereby drug use becomes excessive and difficult to control. Several mechanisms have been advanced to explain escalating patterns of drug use as opposed to nonescalating patterns. Although current evidence favors hedonic tolerance, there remains some dispute about the contribution of behavioral sensitization to cocaine intake escalation. Here, we concurrently assessed the ability of cocaine to induce psychomotor sensitization and drug-seeking behavior in animals with 1-h (short access or ShA) vs 6-h (long access or LgA) access to intravenous (i.v.) cocaine selfadministration. As expected, cocaine intake by LgA rats escalated over time and became excessive compared to cocaine intake by ShA rats, which remained low and stable. Despite escalated levels of cocaine consumption, however, LgA rats were not more sensitized to cocaine than ShA rats. The dose-effect function for cocaine-induced locomotion (0.125-1 mg, i.v.) was shifted to the left in LgA rats by the same amount as in ShA rats after cocaine self-administration. In contrast, LgA rats were much more responsive than ShA rats to the motivational effects of cocaine, as measured by the ability of i.v. cocaine to reinstate extinguished drug-seeking behavior. This study demonstrates a dissociation of psychomotor sensitization from the change in motivation underlying the transition to compulsive cocaine consumption, and therefore suggests that responsiveness to the motivational effects of the drug, not psychomotor sensitization, would represent a specific behavioral marker of the transition to and maintenance of compulsive cocaine use.

show abstract

General Pharmacology of Amphetamine-Like Drugs

Änggård¹,

Lewander²,

Gunne³

1973

Drug Addiction II

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amphetamine and related central stimulant drugs are derivatives of ß-phenylethylamine (Table 1) and are thus relatively simple organic bases. The general ßphenylethylamine skeleton is one which amphetamine shares with the neurotransmitters noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine. Phenylethylamine itselfhas central stimulant properties, but has an extremely short half-life in the body due to rapid metabolism by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Amphetamine has, due to steric hindrance by the ex-methyl group, much less affinity for MAO and therefore has a longer half-Iife.Most amphetamines have cardiovascular, psychomotor stimulant, hyperthermic, and anorexigenic actions. All of the structural features of amphetamine are important far its spectrum of pharmacologic activity. Any alteration may enhance, diminish, or attenuate one or several components in the actions of the parent drug. (1) Substitution of the phenyl ring, (2) alteration of the length of the side chain, (3) substitution on the primary nitrogen group, (4) substitution of the ex-and ß-carbon atoms, and (5) their absolute configuration have been studied and will be briefly discussed here. For a more thorough review on the subject the reader is referred to the papers by BIEL (1970), vANRossuM and SIMONS (1969) and VREE (1973. The effect of ring and side-chain substitution on distribution and elimination of the amphetamines has been discussed by BECKETT and BROOKES (1970). recently reviewed the biochemical pharmacology of the amphetamines. The metabolism and disposition of methylphenidate were reported by F ARAJ et al.

show abstract

Dose-dependent selective facilitation of response-contingent light-onset behavior by d-amphetamine

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Heroin-Induced Reinstatement is Specific to Compulsive Heroin Use and Dissociable from Heroin Reward and Sensitization

Heroin-Induced Reinstatement is Specific to Compulsive Heroin Use and Dissociable from Heroin Reward and Sensitization

Dissociation of Psychomotor Sensitization from Compulsive Cocaine Consumption

General Pharmacology of Amphetamine-Like Drugs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About