Dose, duration, and pattern of nicotine administration as determinants of behavioral dependence in rats

Abstract

Behavioral dependence upon nicotine can be induced in the rat, and its induction is dependent upon its cumulative duration and pattern of exposure suggesting that tobacco dependencies could be controlled by similar determinants.

Effects of Acute and Repeated Administration of Oxycodone and Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats

“…The precipitated withdrawal effect observed (i.e., attenuation of ICSS) was interesting, because somatic signs characteristic of opioid withdrawal (e.g., wet dog shakes, diarrhea) were not observed, suggesting that ICSS may be a more sensitive assay to assess oxycodone withdrawal. The observation that ICSS-maintained operant behavior may be more sensitive than conventional observational measures to a drug's abstinence is consistent with other reports documenting the greater sensitivity of operant behavior in this regard involving opiates, nicotine, cannabinoids, and dissociative anesthetics (Beardsley et al, 1986;Beardsley and Balster, 1987;Bespalov et al, 1999;Vann et al, 2006;Desai et al, 2013).…”

The effects of chronic buprenorphine on intake of heroin and cocaine in rats and its effects on nucleus accumbens dopamine levels during self-administration

“…The rats readily tolerated these pumps, and no effects on ongoing self-administration behavior were observed in rats with saline-filled pumps. Similar findings have been reported elsewhere (see Kunko et al 1998;Rada et al 2001;Vann et al 2006).…”

Age differences in the spontaneous acquisition of nicotine self-administration in male Wistar and Long–Evans rats

“…This is unlikely, however, as exposure to nicotine would have been minimal in the first few sessions and insufficient to produce dependence (Vann et al 2006;O'Dell et al 2007b). It is more plausible in the current case that the positive reinforcing effects of nicotine were driving lever responding, particularly considering that the age differences were only observed at the 0.015 mg/kg/infusion nicotine dose.…”