Dose uniformity of ophthalmic suspensions

Diestelhorst, Michael; Kwon, Kyoung-Ae; Süverkrüp, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(98)80264-2

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…One problem arises from the fact that the drug concentra tion in suspensions strongly varies [7]. Therefore the ap plied dose cannot be determined exactly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Dexamethasone 0.1% Eye Drops on Plasma Cortisol and ACTH Concentrations after Cataract Surgery

Roters¹,

Aspacher²,

Diestelhorst³

1996

Ophthalmologica

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The present study evaluates the systemic absorption after the application of dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops every hour in patients following cataract surgery. The changes of the plasma cortisol concentrations, ACTH concentrations, saliva and urine cortisol concentrations were examined before and after cataract surgery. The above-mentioned parameters were analyzed in 13 patients following phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. The data were determined before and on the third postoperative day. Dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops were applied after surgery to the operated eye every hour for 3 days. All cortisol levels decreased on average. On the third postoperative day, saliva cortisol (measured hourly from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.), urine cortisol (24 h) and plasma cortisol were lowered compared to the first preoperative examination. In contrast, the ACTH concentrations increased on average. The decrease in plasma cortisol from 12.3 ± 7.1 to 8.05 ± 3.7 µg/dl was statistically significant (p < 0.05) as well as the flattening of the sputum cortisol concentrations on the third postoperative day. All data were within the physiological range. The present study demonstrates considerable systemic absorption of ophthalmic dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops which results in decreased plasma cortisol concentrations and lowering of the saliva cortisol concentration at certain hours of the day with no change of the circadian rhythm.

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“…One problem arises from the fact that the drug concentra tion in suspensions strongly varies [7]. Therefore the ap plied dose cannot be determined exactly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Dexamethasone 0.1% Eye Drops on Plasma Cortisol and ACTH Concentrations after Cataract Surgery

Roters¹,

Aspacher²,

Diestelhorst³

1996

Ophthalmologica

Self Cite

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“…Ophthalmic suspensions are composed of drug particles usually suspended in an aqueous phase, for example prednisolone acetate, which require shaking before use to ensure that all the particles are evenly distributed and not settled at the bottom of the bottle. This can cause problems with achieving uniformity of dosing 27 and suspensions are likely to suffer flocculation-the clustering in the suspension of particles into larger clumps of drug.…”

Section: Touch Medical Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Topical Therapeutics for Vitreoretinal Diseases

Gibson¹,

McGinnigle

2015

US Ophthalmic Review

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Amongst other attributes, the ideal drug for retinal disorders should be easy to administer, safe, have a long duration of action, and be costeffective. Needless to say, to date, no such drug exists as far as we are aware, but how close does topical delivery come to meeting these aspirations? Compared with intravitreal drug delivery, topical delivery has some obvious advantages and disadvantages and these are summarized in Table 1.Maurice wrote a seminal review of this subject in 2002, in which he was particularly interested in the passage of drugs delivered by eye AbstractEye drops are convenient for patients, but achieving therapeutic doses and maintaining sustained drug release without frequent re-application to treat diseases of the retina has been largely unsuccessful. Topical administration of drugs is hindered by the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the eye and its highly effective defence mechanisms. Advances in nanotechnology have led to the experimental use of topical permeation-enhancing liposomes, emulsions, and microspheres to enhance absorption and penetration of drugs across membranes; allow controlled release of the drug; and to target drugs at distinct tissues to allow sufficient local bioavailability. In the near future it is hoped that improved technologies may provide means of sustained topical drug delivery for retinal therapy, with improved side-effect profiles and reduced cost compared with currently available clinical treatments.

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“…Drugs in suspension have the added disadvantage of poor patient compliance because they need to be resuspended before each use by shaking. 86,87 Cyclodextrins are used to solubilize complex drugs that are poorly soluble, unstable, or difficult to formulate. The cyclodextrin-drug complex improves wettability, dissolution, solubility, and stability in solution and preserves the intrinsic ability of the drug to penetrate biologic membranes.…”

Section: Improving Drug Absorption After Topical Therapy Drug Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Glaucoma Drug Delivery

Ghate

Edelhauser

2008

Journal of Glaucoma

132

100

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Topical medications remain the mainstay of glaucoma treatment. This review will aim to cover the pharmacokinetics of topically applied drops, the ocular barriers to drug delivery, and the role of ophthalmic drug formulation in enhancing drug delivery to the target tissue while minimizing side effects and increasing patient compliance. Recent advances in surgical techniques, therapeutic approaches, and material sciences have produced exciting new therapies for ocular diseases. The development of new vehicles and drug formulations that require less patient compliance is also discussed, as are the routes of drug delivery for neuroprotection.

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Dose uniformity of ophthalmic suspensions

Abstract: The dose uniformity of suspension eyedrops depends on their homogeneity immediately before administration. Among the formulation factors studied, particle size appears to be the most important. The various redispersion rates of the three drugs underline their clinical profile.

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

The Influence of Dexamethasone 0.1% Eye Drops on Plasma Cortisol and ACTH Concentrations after Cataract Surgery

The Influence of Dexamethasone 0.1% Eye Drops on Plasma Cortisol and ACTH Concentrations after Cataract Surgery

Recent Advances in Topical Therapeutics for Vitreoretinal Diseases

Barriers to Glaucoma Drug Delivery

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