Dosimetric evaluation of the staff working in a PET/CT department

Dalianis, K.; Malamitsi, J.; Gogou, L.; Pagou, Margarita; Efthimiadou, Roxani; Andreou, John; Louizï, A.; Georgiou, E.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.08.140

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Multiple studies have been conducted concerning radiation dose to human hospital personnel from PET radiopharmaceuticals (McCormick and Miklos 1993;Chiesa et al 1997;McElroy 1998;Benetar et al 2000;Linemann et al 2000;Biran et al 2004;Guillet et al 2005;Roberts et al 2005;Robinson et al 2005;Zeff and Yester 2005;Dalianis et al 2006;Seierstad et al 2007;Carson et al 2009;Demir et al 2010;Leide-Svegborn 2010), but to date only one parallel study has been conducted for veterinary personnel (Martinez 2011;Martinez et al 2012). Unlike human patients who typically undergo the PET/CT procedure awake (Boellaard et al 2010), veterinary patients need to be anesthetized to ensure the animal remains immobile for optimal image acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Simple Model for Estimating Occupational Radiation Dose to Staff from Veterinary 18F-FDG Pet Procedures

Martínez¹,

Kraft²,

Johnson³

2014

Health Physics

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Several studies have been conducted concerning the radiation dose to hospital personnel from positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals, but to date only one parallel study has been conducted for veterinary staff. Veterinary patients present challenges not encountered with human patients, as they require anesthesia and therefore more intensive monitoring than human patients. This paper presents a simple model for estimating the effective radiation dose to veterinary staff using occupational dose data from PET studies at Colorado State University's (CSU) James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The model consists of three point sources within a soft tissue cylinder, and sample calculations are provided for estimating dose to nuclear medicine technologists and an anesthesia technologist based on four different sized dogs. The estimated doses are within the range of actual occupational doses published previously. There are different protocols for the sequence of events in veterinary PET, specifically the order of anesthesia induction and radiopharmaceutical injection. When F-FDG injection is performed prior to anesthesia induction, the estimated dose is between 1.5 and 3.6 times higher than the doses received if injection is done after anesthesia induction, although expected doses for both protocols are below occupational dose limits based on a case load of 100 veterinary patients per year. The model is based on the techniques used at CSU, but it can be modified for different hospitals as well as differently sized animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Simple Model for Estimating Occupational Radiation Dose to Staff from Veterinary 18F-FDG Pet Procedures

Martínez¹,

Kraft²,

Johnson³

2014

Health Physics

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“…However, the doses received by staff in PET/ CT procedures may vary considerably among facilities depending on the practices, positron emitter used, facility layout, injected activities and patient workload. Lately, several studies [5][6][7] have been carried out to assess and optimise radiation exposure to staff in the PET/CT unit when using 18 F-FDG and these studies were in agreement with a slight variation owing to different facilities and unit design. Alsafi et al [5] showed that an average staff dose per patient is 5.762.7 and 5.061.7 mSv per procedure for mobile and static facilities, respectively, using 18 F-FDG.…”

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confidence: 73%

“…However, the doses delivered to patients and staff owing to the procedure should be considered and should be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) [2-4], i.e. the dose of a classified staff member should not exceed one-third of the annual dose limit.Radiation exposure of technical staff operating PET units with the use of fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) has been a controversial issue in the use of high-energy photons (511 keV), added to by a sharp increase in the number of scans undertaken using a limited number of PET/CT facilities [5][6][7]. However, the doses received by staff in PET/ CT procedures may vary considerably among facilities depending on the practices, positron emitter used, facility layout, injected activities and patient workload.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of Al-Haj et al [6] reported that the estimated dose at the waiting area was 0.8 mSv per procedure. Dalianis et al [7] showed that the staff (nurse) dose during injection was in the range of 2.7-4.0 mSv and the dose to the technologist during positioning was in the range of 3.5-5.0 mSv over 10 months. Al-Haj et al [6] revealed that the estimated doses to staff working in PET/CT were within safe limits but would increase with patient workload and stay time.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effective dose to staff members in a positron emission tomography/CT facility using zirconium-89

Alzimami¹,

K²

2013

BJR

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Cite this article as: Alzimami KS, Ma AK. Effective dose to staff members in a positron emission tomography/CT facility using zirconium-89. Br J Radiol 2013;86: 20130318. FULL PAPER Effective dose to staff members in a positron emission tomography/CT facility using zirconium-89 1 K S ALZIMAMI, PhD F-FDG to the staff near the patient. This interesting result raises apparently contradictory implications in the radiation protection considerations of a PET/CT facility. Advances in knowledge: To the best of our knowledge, radiation exposure to staff and public in the PET/CT unit using 89 Zr has not been investigated. The ultimate output of this study will lead to the optimal design of the facility for routine use of 89 Zr.Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scanners have quickly become the preferred technology for PET imaging, as the integration of functional PET images with the anatomical visualisation of CT has allowed more accurate diagnosis [1]. However, the doses delivered to patients and staff owing to the procedure should be considered and should be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) [2-4], i.e. the dose of a classified staff member should not exceed one-third of the annual dose limit.Radiation exposure of technical staff operating PET units with the use of fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) has been a controversial issue in the use of high-energy photons (511 keV), added to by a sharp increase in the number of scans undertaken using a limited number of PET/CT facilities [5][6][7]. However, the doses received by staff in PET/ CT procedures may vary considerably among facilities depending on the practices, positron emitter used, facility layout, injected activities and patient workload. Lately, several studies [5][6][7] have been carried out to assess and optimise radiation exposure to staff in the PET/CT unit when using 18 F-FDG and these studies were in agreement with a slight variation owing to different facilities and unit design. Alsafi et al [5] showed that an average staff dose per patient is 5.762.7 and 5.061.7 mSv per procedure for mobile and static facilities, respectively, using 18 F-FDG. The study of Al-Haj et al [6] reported that the estimated dose at the waiting area was 0.8 mSv per procedure. Dalianis et al [7] showed that the staff (nurse) dose during injection was in the range of 2.7-4.0 mSv and the dose to the technologist during positioning was in the range of 3.5-5.0 mSv over 10 months. Al-Haj et al [6] revealed that the estimated doses to staff working in PET/CT were within safe limits but would increase with patient workload and stay time. The 21 annual increase in patient workload necessitates that staff dose estimation be done and the protocol be reviewed for possible decrease in the 18 F-FDG activity to be administered. Elschot et al [8] studied the shielding requirement of a PET/CT facility using Monte Carlo methods with the MCNPX code [9] and the Medical Internal Radiation Dose full body phantom [10]. They found that the self-absorption of 18 F-FDG emission by ...

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“…The same coincident photons that enable patient imaging are considered to be penetrating radiation and therefore are the radiation of concern for staff working with PET patients. Multiple studies have been conducted concerning occupational radiation dose to human medical staff from PET radiopharmaceuticals, but to date no specific parallel studies have been reported for veterinary staff. Veterinary patients present challenges not encountered when performing PET/CT on human patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OCCUPATIONAL PER‐PATIENT RADIATION DOSE FROM A CONSERVATIVE PROTOCOL FOR VETERINARY ¹⁸F‐FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

Martínez

Kraft

Gibbons³

et al. 2012

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The occupational external radiation dose to human medical personnel from positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals has been documented, but to date no corresponding veterinary staff dose data are available. Electronic personal dosimeters (EPDs) were used in this study to measure the per-patient external radiation doses to veterinary staff using a PET/CT (PET combined with computed tomography) protocol in which the patient radiopharmaceutical dose was injected after anesthetic induction. Radiation doses were recorded for the nuclear medicine technologists, the on-duty anesthesiology technologist, and an occasional observer from 19 veterinary (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT studies. Patient mass range was 2.8 to 61.0 kg (22.3 kg mean) and injected activity averaged 6 MBq kg(-1) . The dose range received by nuclear medicine technologists per procedure was 0-30 μSv (9.1 μSv mean), by anesthetists 1-22 μSv (8.2 μSv mean), and by the observer 0-2 μSv (0.5 μSv mean). In both feline and canine studies, placement of the EPD on staff was a significant predictor of radiation dose. Additional significant predictors of staff radiation dose from canine studies included job position and injected activity. The per-patient occupational radiation doses to veterinary PET/CT technologists were slightly greater than those reported for human nuclear medicine PET/CT technologists, but were comparable to estimated radiation doses for nurses caring for nonambulatory human PET/CT patients. Efforts toward maintaining staff radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) will be important as veterinary PET/CT caseload increases.

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Dosimetric evaluation of the staff working in a PET/CT department

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

A Proposed Simple Model for Estimating Occupational Radiation Dose to Staff from Veterinary 18F-FDG Pet Procedures

A Proposed Simple Model for Estimating Occupational Radiation Dose to Staff from Veterinary 18F-FDG Pet Procedures

Effective dose to staff members in a positron emission tomography/CT facility using zirconium-89

OCCUPATIONAL PER‐PATIENT RADIATION DOSE FROM A CONSERVATIVE PROTOCOL FOR VETERINARY ¹⁸F‐FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

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Dosimetric evaluation of the staff working in a PET/CT department

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

A Proposed Simple Model for Estimating Occupational Radiation Dose to Staff from Veterinary 18F-FDG Pet Procedures

A Proposed Simple Model for Estimating Occupational Radiation Dose to Staff from Veterinary 18F-FDG Pet Procedures

Effective dose to staff members in a positron emission tomography/CT facility using zirconium-89

OCCUPATIONAL PER‐PATIENT RADIATION DOSE FROM A CONSERVATIVE PROTOCOL FOR VETERINARY 18F‐FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

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OCCUPATIONAL PER‐PATIENT RADIATION DOSE FROM A CONSERVATIVE PROTOCOL FOR VETERINARY ¹⁸F‐FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY