Dosimetric Management during a Criticality Accident

Lebaron-Jacobs, L.; Fottorino, R.; Barbry, F.; Bérard, P.; Briot, Fabrice; Boisson, Philippe; Cavadore, D.; Vathaire, C. Challeton-de; Distinguin, S.; Exmelin, L; Flüry-Hérard, A.; Gaillard-Lecanu, E.; Gonin, M.; Goff, Julie P.; Lecoix, G.; Lemaire, G.; Médioni, R.; Persico, M. H.; Racine, Y.; Riasse, C.; Rongier, E.; Voisin, P.; Mièle, A.

doi:10.13182/nt08-a3910

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, some authors propose screening methods based on high-accuracy biodosimetry, such as in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry of tooth and nail tissue for triage during a catastrophic nuclear event [11] or after a criticality accident in particular. In addition, high-accuracy biodosimetry as 32 P dosage in integument sampling and 24 Na dosage in the blood can be used to assess dose and dose distribution in the context of a criticality accident [12,13]. Although victims of radiation accidents with irreversible marrow damage can be accurately identified by METREPOL [14], those who may benefit from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation are not clearly distinguished from those who received lethal doses, for whom only comfort measures are set up.…”

Section: Dose Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The METREPOL criteria—are they still relevant?

Lebaron-Jacobs¹,

Herrera-Reyes²

2022

J. Radiol. Prot.

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The Medical management of radiation accidents manual on the acute radiation syndrome (METREPOL) proposed a successful strategic approach to diagnosing and treating acute radiation syndrome: the response category concept. Based on clinical and laboratory parameters, this approach aimed to assess damage to critical organ systems as a function of time, categorising different therapeutical approaches. After 20 years of its publication, the following paper attempts to provide a broad overview of this important document and tries to respond if proposed criteria are still relevant for the medical management of radiation-induced injuries. In addition, a critical analysis of its limitations and perspectives is proposed.

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Section: Dose Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The METREPOL criteria—are they still relevant?

Lebaron-Jacobs¹,

Herrera-Reyes²

2022

J. Radiol. Prot.

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“…The medical management of neutron overexposures, where the basal skin layer receives doses that result in necrosis and the burn's surface is significant, is complicated, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate possible treatments. Moreover, in most high-mixed neutron gamma irradiation cases, death rapidly occurred because of multiple-organ failure in relation to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to the severe neutron overexposure [31].…”

Section: Exposure Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic concepts of radiation emergency medicine

Lebaron-Jacobs¹,

Herrera-Reyes²

2021

J. Radiol. Prot.

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Nuclear and radiological accidents are not frequent but may lead to major consequences in the population. For the health systems, the need to handle a large number of victims will probably remain as an exception. However, a high number of affected victims can be expected in some terrorist scenarios. In addition, medical accidents in radiotherapy, fluoroscopy and diagnostic radiology have increased the number of patients with severe radiation injuries considerably, especially in developed countries. Given the increased use of ionising radiation for industrial and medical purposes and new technological applications emerging, the number of accidents may increase in the future. Consequently, the early identification and adequate management of these emergencies is a priority, as well as the need for medical preparedness, requiring knowledge about various emergency scenarios and planning appropriate responses to them before they occur. Unfortunately, medical professionals have a substantial knowledge gap in identifying and treating injured persons affected by ionising radiation. As managing radiation accidents is a very challenging process, exercises must be carried out to organise a well-trained multidisciplinary group of professionals to manage any radiation accident properly. Efforts on a continuously updated guidance system should be developed. In addition, new approaches to foster sustainable interdisciplinary and international cooperative networks on radiation injuries are necessary. Lessons learned from past nuclear and radiological emergencies have significantly contributed to strengthening scientific knowledge and increasing the available medical information on the effects of ionising radiation in the human body. In this context, radiation emergency medicine has emerged as a discipline that contributes to the diagnosis, treatment, medical follow-up and prognosis of persons affected by radiation injuries in a nuclear or a radiological emergency. In this paper, we review some relevant concepts related to the medical preparedness and multidisciplinary response required to attend to persons affected by these emergencies.

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“…Activation detectors can also be used for studying low-intensity neutron fields, but this requires a significant increase in their thickness and area. The task of determining the activity in this case becomes much more complicated, since it is necessary to take into account the correction to the geometric detection efficiency of the gamma detector, the correction for the self-absorption of gamma quanta in the activation detector, and the effect of the detector thickness on the concentration of new isotopes formed in the material under the action of neutron radiation (Medkour Ishak-Boushaki 2012, Lebaron-Jacobs et al 2008.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental determination of the induced activity in activation detectors of a complex geometric shape

Ibragimov¹,

Kokorev²,

Denisenko³

et al. 2020

NUCET

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The paper presents the results of experimental determination of the induced activity in copper-/aluminum-based activation detectors when irradiated with neutrons with energies of about 14 MeV. The activation detectors were square-shaped metal plates with a thickness from 1.0 to 1.5 mm and a side size about 5.0 cm. These dimensions significantly exceed those of the detectors that are used in the research of high-intensity neutron fluxes. The detectors described in this work can be used for studying low-intensity neutron fluxes (with a flux density of up to 106 n/cm2∙s). It is shown that, when working with such detectors, it is possible to apply the usual methods for calculating the induced activity in thin activation detectors, with corrections that take into account the emerging features of the ‘neutron source - activation detector’ and ‘activation detector - secondary radiation detector’ geometries. The effects of absorption of primary and secondary radiation by the detector substance are also revealed. The Geant4 tools were used for calculating the geometric factors and theoretical induced activity. The study confirms the applicability of such activation detectors for solving the problem of determining the yield of neutrons with energies of about 14 MeV from a neutron generator target. The results of the experiments coincide, within the margin of error, with the results of simulations performed using the Geant4 tools.

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Dosimetric Management during a Criticality Accident

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

The METREPOL criteria—are they still relevant?

The METREPOL criteria—are they still relevant?

Basic concepts of radiation emergency medicine

Experimental determination of the induced activity in activation detectors of a complex geometric shape

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