Double Auction-Based Two-Level Resource Allocation Mechanism for Computation Offloading in Mobile Blockchain Application

Abstract

It is increasingly popular that platforms integrate various services into mobile applications due to the high usage and convenience of mobile devices, many of which demand high computational capacities and energy, such as cryptocurrency services based on blockchain. However, it is hard for mobile devices to run these services due to the limited storage and computational capacity. In this paper, the problem of computation offloading that requires sufficient computing resources with high utilization in large-scale users and multiprovider MEC system was investigated. A mechanism based on the combinatorial double auction, G-TRAP, is proposed in this paper to solve the above problem. In the mechanism, resources are provided both in the cloud and at the edge of the network. Mobile users compete for these resources to offload computing tasks by the rule that the edge-level resources will be allocated at first while cloud-level resources could be the supplement for the edge level. Given that the proof-of-work (PoW), the core issue of blockchain application, is resource-expensive to implement in mobile devices, we provide resource allocation service to users of blockchain application as experimental subjects. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism for serving large-scale users in a short execution time outperforms two existing algorithms in terms of social utility and resource utilization. Consequently, our proposed system can effectively solve the intensive computation offloading problem of mobile blockchain applications.

A Blockchain-Based Distributed Computational Resource Trading Strategy for Internet of Things Considering Multiple Preferences

“…DA is one of the most popular matching strategies in market designs of various settings, e.g., computational resource allocation [33], energy trading [34], data trading [35], and asset markets [36]. We believe that it is worthwhile to compare our method with the DA method because it is such a widely used matching mechanism.…”

Collaborative Learning Supported by Blockchain Technology as a Model for Improving the Educational Process

“…Effectiveness: Blockchain can be evaluated for its effectiveness in facilitating collaborative learning by comparing it with traditional approaches such as face-to-face interaction, online forums, and social media. Research has shown that blockchain-based educational systems can enhance the effectiveness of collaborative learning by providing learners with secure and transparent access to information, enabling peer review and feedback, and promoting a sense of community among learners [67].…”

Double Auction used Artificial Neural Network in Cloud Computing

“…Offloading task performed by DA algorithm where it takes from cellular phone sends to servers were computation process and give return to auction algorithm [14]. Offloading task was requested by mobile devices and services are provided by datacenters, all these services run in the application where blockchain is used, but the problem is they only focus on resource distribution and do not involve a learning mechanism [15]. The online gaming platform has a consensus problem where all the users want to get specific resources with partial data [16].…”

“…The regression tree creates problems when we increase the data size and change the output when new data is added [20]. And EWA did not perform well in a small size data set [15] because it is reinforcement learning. It always works on feedback, and it improves itself by taking responses from the environment, so that is why it did not perform well.…”