Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the safety and efficacy of orally administered etodolac and nabumetone in patients with active osteoarthritis of the knee

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, in osteoarthritic knee pain: meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials

“…Four trials did not present mean change data but only before and after means and P values 30 32 44 45. Eleven trials presented data on overall pain on 100 mm visual analogue scales or on a categorical five point scale,30 – 32 37 38 41 42 47 50 – 52 while the 12 remaining trials presented either categorical or continuous data from the WOMAC subscale for pain. All 23 trials reported data on pain intensity, and 11 trials reported data on functional disability.…”

“…This provided a final sample of 23 trials that satisfied the inclusion criteria 30 – 52. Of these, 16 were sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry,31 – 34 36 39 40 43 44 46 – 52 while three others did not state sponsorship but gave an address of a pharmaceutical company as the workplace of most of the authors 37 38 41. The final sample included 10 845 patients, of whom 7767 received NSAIDs and 3078 received placebo (table).…”

“…The weighted mean baseline pain of 64.1 mm on a visual analogue scale was calculated from all but three trials 37 51 52. Six reports provided data of body mass index with a median mean value of 31.2 32 35 38 43 44 48. Most trials excluded individuals with concomitant health disorders by a median of 14 exclusion criteria.…”

COX-1 and COX-2 products in the gut: therapeutic impact of COX-2 inhibitors

“…Evaluation of the US patient insurance claims over a nine month period indicated that etodolac had a similar gastrointestinal safety profile as nabumetone47 while in an earlier study in 91 osteoarthritis patients both drugs had comparable efficacy and were well tolerated 48. In another comparative study, comparable efficacy and safety were also reported with nabumentone and the clinically used agent aceclofenac 49.…”

Efficacy and Safety of Etodolac-Paracetamol Fixed Dose Combination in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Flare-up: A Randomized, Double-blind Comparative Evaluation

“…4 Therefore, in patients achieving inadequate relief from acute pain episodes such as OA flare-ups with traditional NSAIDs, it may be appropriate to add an analgesic agent having a different mechanism of action, thereby targeting multiple components of the pain pathway. 5 Etodolac, a pyranocarboxylic acid, is an NSAID 6 inhibiting the formation of prostaglandin endoperoxides from arachidonic acid 7 and is equally effective and safe compared with diclofenac, 8 piroxicam, 9 naproxen, 10 and nabumetone 11 in the treatment of patients with OA. Available evidence indicates that etodolac possesses a more favorable therapeutic index between anti-inflammatory effects and gastric irritation compared with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesics.…”