Double Burden of Disability and Poverty: Does Vocational Rehabilitation Ease the School‐to‐Work Transition?

Abstract

Poor young people more often face health difficulties, (learning) disabilities, and are overrepresented in special schools. Consequently, youth from poor households disproportionately frequently participate in disability‐specific programs aiming to improve their educational levels and labor market opportunities. They face a double burden of disability and poverty. In our study, we look at poor and non‐poor youth with disabilities (YPWD) who participate in vocational rehabilitation (VR) and whether VR helps them (a) in transitioning into employment and (b) in leaving poverty. We examine the association between the receipt of initial basic income support (BIS) as a poverty indicator, later labor market outcomes, and earned vocational qualification using administrative data. We make use of a sample of all persons accepted for VR in 2010 (N = 36,645). We employ logit models on VR attendees’ labor market outcomes three and five years after being accepted for VR as well as on their earned vocational qualifications. Beside initial poverty status, we control for educational level, type, and degree of disability and program pattern during the VR process. Our findings show that YPWD from poor households have a decreased likelihood of a vocational certificate and employment. Additionally, they are more likely to receive BIS than young people not from poor households and thus more likely to remain poor. In conclusion, VR seems to support poor YPWD less in their school‐to‐work transitions. Thus, disability‐specific programs should be more tailored to the social situations of participants, and counsellors should be more sensitive to their social backgrounds.

The Impact of Work Incentives Benefits Counseling on Employment Outcomes: A National Vocational Rehabilitation Study

“…This situation suggests that those with the most significant barriers to employment are less likely to receive this important service. A recent report indicated that the existing VR system is unable to address the multifaceted demands of low-income applicants [ 39 ]. Although consistent with research suggesting that clients with low income tend to continue to have disadvantages into the VR system [ 39 ] this finding suggests the need to more closely examine this issue.…”

Preventing a Scarring Start into the Labor Market: Integration Strategies for Young Persons with Disabilities

“…As expected, persons with mental disabilities, frequently coming from special schools where the probability for (higher) educational degrees is lower [ 15 ], most often take part in programs in general and, more specifically, in sheltered workshops. However, if people go into sheltered workshops, their path is predefined for sheltered employment [ 21 , 35 ] and there are very low chances of getting into the first labor market from there [ 36 ]. Furthermore, young persons with psychological disabilities are most often allocated into disability-specific prevocational training programs.…”