Double Burden of Undernutrition and Obesity in Palestinian Schoolchildren

Massad, Salwa; Deckelbaum, Richard J.; Gebre‐Medhin, Mehari; Holleran, Steve; Dary, Omar; Obeidi, Maysoun; Bordelois, Paula; Khammash, Umaiyeh

doi:10.1177/0379572116637720

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Wealth index quintile of lowest and second were positively associated with underweight while respondents who were food secure were negatively associated with underweight in the present study which concurs with the previous studies of Tanzania and Palestine (Cordeiro et al, 2012;Massad et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Magnitude of double burden of malnutrition and its associated factors among selected in-school adolescents: Evidence from South Ethiopia

Berbada¹,

Haidar²,

Gebremichael³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Nutr. Metab.

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The coexistence of both under nutrition and over nutrition or known as double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a recent emerging nutritional problem documented in most developing countries. In Ethiopia, though there are various studies documenting the magnitude of under-five children nutritional problem, there is a research gap on DBM among adolescents. To fill the identified gap, the extent of the problem among in-school adolescents was assessed. A school based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 high school adolescent students in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia from March 2015 to April 2015. Multi-stage sampling was employed to select the sampled participant. Following the school stratification by ownership as governmental and private, two schools were randomly selected from each category and the number of students were allocated proportionately. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and anthropometric measurements. Weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference measurements were taken from all participants using standard procedures. Data were entered into EPI-info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS, version21. The anthropometric data were converted into nutritional indices using WHO Anthro-Plus software, version 1.0.4. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using multinomial regression model. A total of 406 from the government and 228 from the private schools were enrolled in the assessment. The magnitude of underweight, and overweight and/or obesity were 19.7% (95%CI: 16.5%, 23.2%), and 11.2% (95%CI: 8.7%, 13.7%), respectively. Father educational and occupation status, family size and wealth index were significantly associated with underweight. The odds of being underweight among whose fathers' had no formal education was 12 times [AOR=12; 95% CI=4 to 34], higher than those whose education level was above secondary. Those from family size of five or less were 80% times less likely to be underweight [AOR=0.2; 95% CI=0.12 to 0.4] than those whose family size was more than 5. Participants whose fathers' occupation was merchant were 75% times less likely to be underweight than private work [AOR=0.25; 95%CI=0.09 to 0.6]. Wealth index quintile of lowest [AOR=9.4; 95% CI=3 to 29] and second [AOR=5; 95%CI=1.8 to14.9] were 5 times more likely to be underweight than their counterparts. This study revealed the coexistence of double burden of malnutrition among in-school adolescents. Parents' education, family size and wealth index were some of the predictors which require the collaborative effort of health, education and social affair sectors to avert the prevailing problem in the community.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Students whose fathers' occupation was merchant showed to be less likely to be underweight than whose family were private workers and the finding is consistent with the study in Tanzania and Palestinian participants (Cordeiro et al, 2012, Massad et al, 2012 and attributed to better income of merchants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Magnitude of double burden of malnutrition and its associated factors among selected in-school adolescents: Evidence from South Ethiopia

Berbada¹,

Haidar²,

Gebremichael³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Nutr. Metab.

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“…This is why the “double burden of under- and overnutrition” remains prevalent in Palestine, among other public health challenges. Based on our earlier published report on a random sample of children aged 6–15 years, 24% of the girls aged 14–15 years were overweight or obese, and 5% had stunting [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome among Refugee Women from the West Bank, Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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This study was carried out among Palestinian refugee women in the West Bank to provide data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its correlates. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study of 1694 randomly selected refugee women from the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) health centers throughout the West Bank during June and July 2010. In this cohort, 30% of the refugee women were overweight, 39% were obese, and 7% were extremely obese. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, the age-adjusted prevalence of MetS was 19.8%. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicated that older age and younger marital age were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of MetS in the women. The high prevalence of obesity and MetS mandates the implementation of national policies for its prevention, notably by initiating large-scale community intervention programs for 5.2 million refugees in Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, to tackle obesity and increase the age at marriage.

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“…Risks of malnutrition in the OPT are well documented (FAO of the UN) [13] . Continuous territorial conflict has left farmers with fading land and water resources for their crops and animals, creating disproportionate economic obstacles.…”

Section: Food Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Massad et al (2012) [13] surveyed 1500 students from 22 schools run by the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) for Palestine Refugees in the Near East and Palestinian Government. Though the percentage of children who had stunted growth or who were underweight (both 7%) weren't exceptionally high, both were associated with households not having enough food and having at least one parent being unemployed.…”

Section: Food Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming, Water, Food Sovereignty, and Nutrition in Occupied Palestinian Territories

Massad¹

2016

IJFNS

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A core Palestinian struggle is safeguarding adequate food and water. Palestine's agricultural economy drastically decreased since the 1967 war. Continued construction of illegal Jewish settlements in the West Bank, and the separation barrier that was erected between Israel and the West Bank create enormous barriers to food sovereignty. One-third of Palestinians suffer from food insecurity. Most communities located in "Area C" (Israeli controlled territory) of the West Bank aren't connected to water networks and have to purchase water at vastly increased costs. International organizations, like the World Food Programme, the UN Relief and Works Agency, and other groups such as the Palestine Fair Trade Association, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions campaign, work toward a common goal of enhancing Palestinians' lives in general, and improving the food and agriculture sector in particular. Better access to the region's nutritious, staple foods that are low on the food chain could readily provide nutritional needs to the Palestinians. A sample menu and nutrition analysis, intended to meet the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization's minimum daily energy requirement of 1690 kcal per person per day for people in the Occupied Palestinian Territories is provided. If barriers to food access could be removed, food variety could be increased, and food plans meeting this baseline caloric and nutrient requirement would be within reach.

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Double Burden of Undernutrition and Obesity in Palestinian Schoolchildren

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Magnitude of double burden of malnutrition and its associated factors among selected in-school adolescents: Evidence from South Ethiopia

Magnitude of double burden of malnutrition and its associated factors among selected in-school adolescents: Evidence from South Ethiopia

Metabolic Syndrome among Refugee Women from the West Bank, Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

Farming, Water, Food Sovereignty, and Nutrition in Occupied Palestinian Territories

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