Double compression detection for H.264 videos with adaptive GOP structure

Yao, Haichao; Ni, Rongrong; Zhao, Yao

doi:10.1007/s11042-019-08306-5

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This allows them to estimate the primary GOP size in case of a double compression. Similarly [14]- [20] also try to estimate the primary GOP size as an evidence of double H.264 compression.…”

Section: A State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical H.264 Double Compression Detection Method Based on DCT Coefficients

et al. 2022

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With the 2019 Coronavirus pandemic, we have seen an increasing use of remote technologies such has remote identity verification. The authentication of the user identity is often performed through a biometric matching of a selfie and a video of an official identity document. In such a scenario, it is essential to verify the integrity of both the selfie and the video. In this article, we propose a method to detect double video compression in order to verify the video integrity. We will focus on the H.264 compression which is one of the mandatory video codecs in the WebRTC Requests For Comments. H.264 uses an integer approximation of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Our method focuses on the DCT coefficients to detect a double compression. The coefficients roughly follow a Laplacian distribution, we will show that the distribution parameters vary with respect to the quantisation parameter used to compress the video. We thus propose a statistical hypothesis test to determine whether or not a video has been compressed twice.INDEX TERMS Video forensics, double compression, DCT, H.264, hypothesis testing.

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Section: A State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical H.264 Double Compression Detection Method Based on DCT Coefficients

et al. 2022

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“…The encoding parameters are also used extensively for double compression detection. In [100,102,199,204], the authors investigated double compression detection using encoding parameters in H.264 bitstreams. In [102,[205][206][207], the authors used encoding parameters in H.265 video bitstreams for double compression detection.…”

Section: Metadata Forensicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Recent Work in Media Forensics: Methods and Threats

Bhagtani¹,

Yadav²,

Bartusiak³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In this paper, we review recent work in media forensics for digital images, video, audio (specifically speech), and documents. For each data modality, we discuss synthesis and manipulation techniques that can be used to create and modify digital media. We then review technological advancements for detecting and quantifying such manipulations. Finally, we consider open issues and suggest directions for future research.

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“…They propose a video authentication method that generalizes across multiple video encoding settings. Yao et al [40] discuss the detection of double compression when an advanced video encoding feature called adaptive GOP is enabled.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Analysis of Video Files Using Metadata

Xiang,

Horváth,

Baireddy

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The unprecedented ease and ability to manipulate video content has led to a rapid spread of manipulated media. The availability of video editing tools greatly increased in recent years, allowing one to easily generate photo-realistic alterations. Such manipulations can leave traces in the metadata embedded in video files. This metadata information can be used to determine video manipulations, brand of video recording device, the type of video editing tool, and other important evidence. In this paper, we focus on the metadata contained in the popular MP4 video wrapper/container. We describe our method for metadata extractor that uses the MP4's tree structure. Our approach for analyzing the video metadata produces a more compact representation. We will describe how we construct features from the metadata and then use dimensionality reduction and nearest neighbor classification for forensic analysis of a video file. Our approach allows one to visually inspect the distribution of metadata features and make decisions. The experimental results confirm that the performance of our approach surpasses other methods.

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Double compression detection for H.264 videos with adaptive GOP structure

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Statistical H.264 Double Compression Detection Method Based on DCT Coefficients

Statistical H.264 Double Compression Detection Method Based on DCT Coefficients

An Overview of Recent Work in Media Forensics: Methods and Threats

Forensic Analysis of Video Files Using Metadata

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