Double differential inclusive hydrogen and helium spectra from neutron-induced reactions on carbon at 27.4, 39.7, and 60.7 MeV

Subramanian, T. S.; Romero, J. L.; Brady, F. P.; Watson, J. W.; Fitzgerald, D.; Garrett, R.; Needham, G.A.; Ullmann, J. L.; Zanelli, Claudio I.; Brenner, D. J.; Prael, R. E.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.28.521

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The present data are in fair agreement with previous measurements of neutron-induced charged particle production in carbon [14] and in good agreement with experimental results from proton-induced reactions in carbon [15].…”

Section: Double-differential Cross Sections (D 2 σ/D D E)supporting

confidence: 94%

EXPERIMENTAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR LIGHT CHARGED PARTICLE PRODUCTION INDUCED BY NEUTRONS WITH ENERGIES BETWEEN 25 AND 75 MeV INCIDENT ON CARBON

Slypen

Benck

Meulders

et al. 2000

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

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Experimental double-differential cross sections (d 2 σ/d d E)for fast neutron-induced production of proton, deuteron, triton, and alpha particle in carbon are reported at several incident neutron energies between 25 and 75 MeV. Angular distributions were measured in the laboratory angular range of 20 • to 160 • . Reliable extrapolated spectra are obtained at very forward (2.5 • and 10 • ) and very backward (170 • and 177.5 • ) angles. Based on these experimental data, energy differential (dσ/d E), angle differential (dσ/d ), and total cross sections (σ T ) are reported for each detected particle. C INTRODUCTIONDue to obvious experimental difficulties, measurements of charged particle production in fast (20 to 80 MeV) neutroninduced reactions are rather scarce. This type of data offers an important experimental base both for fundamental research and for many important applications. These data can be used for testing the nuclear reaction models; they also offer a wealth of information concerning the nuclear structure of the involved nuclei.Applications are particularly important in the case of light target nuclei such as carbon and oxygen. Essential information can be obtained for use in neutron dosimetry and radiobiology. A detailed knowledge of cross sections makes it possible to evaluate the contribution to charged particle production of a given element as a constituent of human tissue [1,2] in clinical applications.With the advent of the new accelerator-driven technologies, knowledge of neutron-induced reactions above 20 MeV may also play an imporant role in projects such as the transmutation of radioactive waste or alternative nuclear energy production. Experimental MethodsExperimental data were obtained at the fast neutron facility of the Louvain-la-Neuve cyclotron, CYCLONE. An accelerated incident proton beam is focused on a 3-mm-thick natural lithium target. With a beam current of 10 −5 A, about 10 6 neutrons/s are available at the location of our reaction chamber (about 3.3 m downstream of the lithium target). The resulting neutron energy spectrum at 0 • consists of a welldefined peak (2 MeV full-width-at-half-maximum) containing about 50% of the neutrons, plus a flat continuum of low energy neutrons (inset in Fig. 1). In the main neutron peak there are about 10 times more neutrons/MeV than in the low neutron energy continuum [3][4][5].The measurements were done with an elemental carbon target (5 × 5 cm 2 surface and 1 mm thick). Four charged particle detector telescopes were used simultaneously. Each of them consists of a E detector (NE102 plastic scintillator) and an E detector (CsI(Tl) crystal). The E detector can stop up to 80 MeV protons. A coincidence is required between E and E detectors in order to suppress an important part of the background present in such type of experiments [6,7]. The collimation system of each charged particle detector telescope had an angular opening between 2 • and 3 • .Protons and deuterons recoiling from, respectively, a polypropylene and a deuterated polypropylene targ...

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Section: Double-differential Cross Sections (D 2 σ/D D E)supporting

confidence: 94%

EXPERIMENTAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR LIGHT CHARGED PARTICLE PRODUCTION INDUCED BY NEUTRONS WITH ENERGIES BETWEEN 25 AND 75 MeV INCIDENT ON CARBON

Slypen

Benck

Meulders

et al. 2000

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

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“…The solid line shows the evaluated result [12] from GNASH model calculations transformed into the laboratory frame of reference; the dashed line shows the results from Brenner and Prael's calculations [38]. It is evident that the evaluated result is in good agreement with the experimental data [17,[19][20][21], with the exception of the 70 MeV proton production where the calculation underpredicts the measurement.…”

Section: A Neutron Cross Sections and Kerma Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…We also made use of neutron total non-elastic cross section measurements compiled by the NNDC [13]. Charged-particle production spectra have been particularly important for guiding and testing the calculations, principally the measurements from the University of California at Davis [17,18], Los Alamos [19], Louvain-la-Neuve [20][21][22] and Tohoku University [23].…”

Section: Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron, proton, and photonuclear cross-sections for radiation therapy and radiation protection

Chadwick¹

1998

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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Les Afamos Natlonsl Moratory, an affirmative astiedequal oppertun"kyempleyer, is operated by the Unheraiiy of CMomia for the U.S. Deparbnent of Ene&y under mntract W-740MNG-36. By accaptanca of this article, the publisher rewgnfzes that the U.S. Gwemment retafns a nonexslustie, reya~free license to pubfii or repreduce the pubfried form of thii scmtributien, or to allow others 10 do SO,for U.S. Government purposes. The k Afamos National Laberatmy requests that the pubfkher identify this article aa wxk perfonnad under the auspicas of the U.S. AbstractWe review recent work at Los Alamos to evaluate neutron, proton, and photonuclear cross sections up to 150 MeV (to 250 MeV for protons), based on experimental data and nucIear model calculations. These data are represented in the ENDF format and can be used in computer codes to simulate radiation transport. They permit calculations of absorbed dose in the body from therapy beams, and through use of kerma coefficients allow absorbed dose to be estimated for a given neutron energy distribution. For radiation protection, these data can be used to determine shielding requirements in accelerator environments, and to calculate neutron, proton,~-ray, and radionuclide production. Illui%rative comparisons of the evaluated cross section and kerma coefficient data with measurements are given.

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“…The libraries are fully angle-energy correlated, and describe the emission spectra at various angles, all in the laboratory frame of reference. We have omitted triton and helium-3 emission reactions since measurements on other target nuclei [3] show these cross sections to be small.…”

Section: Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluated cross section libraries and kerma factors for neutrons up to 100 MeV on {sup 40}Ca and {sup 31}P

Chadwick¹

1995

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We present evaluations of the interaction of 20 to 100 MeV neutrons with calcium and phosphorus, which follows on from our previous work on carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen [l, 21. Our aim is to accurately represent integrated cross sections, inclusive emission spectra, and kerma factors, in a data library which can be used in radiation transport calculations. We apply the GNASH nuclear model code, which includes Hauser-Feshbach, preequilibrium, and direct reaction mechanisms, and use experimental measurements to optimize the calculations. Total, elastic, and nonelastic cross sections, angle-energy correlated emission spectra for light ejectiles with A 5 4 and gamma-rays, and average energy depositions, are determined. The expected accuracy of the calculated cross sections and kerma factors is discussed.

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Double differential inclusive hydrogen and helium spectra from neutron-induced reactions on carbon at 27.4, 39.7, and 60.7 MeV

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

EXPERIMENTAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR LIGHT CHARGED PARTICLE PRODUCTION INDUCED BY NEUTRONS WITH ENERGIES BETWEEN 25 AND 75 MeV INCIDENT ON CARBON

EXPERIMENTAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR LIGHT CHARGED PARTICLE PRODUCTION INDUCED BY NEUTRONS WITH ENERGIES BETWEEN 25 AND 75 MeV INCIDENT ON CARBON

Neutron, proton, and photonuclear cross-sections for radiation therapy and radiation protection

Evaluated cross section libraries and kerma factors for neutrons up to 100 MeV on {sup 40}Ca and {sup 31}P

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