Double dissociation of 'what' and 'where' processing in auditory cortex

Lomber, Stephen G.; Malhotra, Shveta

doi:10.1038/nn.2108

Cited by 277 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…When frequency‐matched injections were made into the MEG of the same animals, the resulting patterns of labeling demonstrate a tendency for the AAF to connect more strongly to the ADF and the A1 to the posterior fields. This distinct pattern of connectivity to other parts of the EG is consistent with the idea that the A1 and AAF comprise independent connectional systems, as proposed for cat auditory cortex (Lee et al, 2004), in which studies using cortical cooling have provided evidence for functional differences between the A1 and AAF (Malhotra and Lomber, 2007; Lomber and Malhotra, 2008). Detailed investigation of the cortico‐thalamic connectivity (ideally combined with gene expression studies such as in Storace et al, 2010) will provide further information about the potential differences in these processing streams.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Cortico‐cortical connectivity within ferret auditory cortex

Bizley

Bajo

Nodal³

et al. 2015

J of Comparative Neurology

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Despite numerous studies of auditory cortical processing in the ferret (Mustela putorius), very little is known about the connections between the different regions of the auditory cortex that have been characterized cytoarchitectonically and physiologically. We examined the distribution of retrograde and anterograde labeling after injecting tracers into one or more regions of ferret auditory cortex. Injections of different tracers at frequency‐matched locations in the core areas, the primary auditory cortex (A1) and anterior auditory field (AAF), of the same animal revealed the presence of reciprocal connections with overlapping projections to and from discrete regions within the posterior pseudosylvian and suprasylvian fields (PPF and PSF), suggesting that these connections are frequency specific. In contrast, projections from the primary areas to the anterior dorsal field (ADF) on the anterior ectosylvian gyrus were scattered and non‐overlapping, consistent with the non‐tonotopic organization of this field. The relative strength of the projections originating in each of the primary fields differed, with A1 predominantly targeting the posterior bank fields PPF and PSF, which in turn project to the ventral posterior field, whereas AAF projects more heavily to the ADF, which then projects to the anteroventral field and the pseudosylvian sulcal cortex. These findings suggest that parallel anterior and posterior processing networks may exist, although the connections between different areas often overlap and interactions were present at all levels. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2187–2210, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Cortico‐cortical connectivity within ferret auditory cortex

Bizley

Bajo

Nodal³

et al. 2015

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The existence of separate hierarchical visual pathways for the analysis of object properties (the occipito-temporal "what" stream) and for the analysis of the spatial relationship between objects (the occipito-parietal "where" stream) is arguably one of the most influential theories about the organization of the visual system (9). Similarly, it was later postulated that auditory-cortical processing might follow such a dual principle of organization (23,24,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional specialization for auditory–spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans

Collignon

Vandewalle

Voss

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

295

243

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The study of the congenitally blind (CB) represents a unique opportunity to explore experience-dependant plasticity in a sensory region deprived of its natural inputs since birth. Although several studies have shown occipital regions of CB to be involved in nonvisual processing, whether the functional organization of the visual cortex observed in sighted individuals (SI) is maintained in the rewired occipital regions of the blind has only been recently investigated. In the present functional MRI study, we compared the brain activity of CB and SI processing either the spatial or the pitch properties of sounds carrying information in both domains (i.e., the same sounds were used in both tasks), using an adaptive procedure specifically designed to adjust for performance level. In addition to showing a substantial recruitment of the occipital cortex for sound processing in CB, we also demonstrate that auditory-spatial processing mainly recruits the right cuneus and the right middle occipital gyrus, two regions of the dorsal occipital stream known to be involved in visuospatial/motion processing in SI. Moreover, functional connectivity analyses revealed that these reorganized occipital regions are part of an extensive brain network including regions known to underlie audiovisual spatial abilities (i.e., intraparietal sulcus, superior frontal gyrus). We conclude that some regions of the right dorsal occipital stream do not require visual experience to develop a specialization for the processing of spatial information and to be functionally integrated in a preexisting brain network dedicated to this ability.blindness | cross-modal plasticity | ventral-dorsal auditory streams | modularity W hen the brain is deprived of its natural sensory inputs, it can rewire itself, showing an impressive range of plastic changes (1). Early visual deprivation thus provides an exceptional model to explore the role of sensory experience in shaping the functional architecture of the brain. Based on a number of studies comparing brain activity of congenitally blind (CB) and sighted individuals (SI), the current prevailing view is that visual deafferentation results in a reliable recruitment of the occipital cortex for nonvisual sensory processing to compensate for the challenging condition that is visual deprivation (2).Although such findings highlight the brain's remarkable ability to rewire its components, questions remain about the functional organization of the occipital cortex in CB. An important characteristic of the visual cortex in SI is domain specialization wherein specific functional activity has been found in anatomically identifiable regions (3, 4). Our main question was, therefore: does the occipital cortex of CB process the colonizing nonvisual stimuli in a global manner or does it do so using some functional modularity similar to what is observed in SI, with precise regions involved in specific cognitive functions?Several studies have reported that the occipital cortex of CB responds quite indifferently to a variety of cogn...

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“…Lesion studies have indeed demonstrated the critical role of the auditory cortex for spatial hearing in humans (Duffour-Nikolov et al, 2012;Sanchez-Longo and Forster, 1958;Zatorre and Belin, 2001). Similar to the visual cortex dual-stream processing model, partially distinct ventral "what" and dorsal "where" auditory processing streams have been proposed for auditory processing (Barrett and Hall, 2006;Lomber and Malhotra, 2008;Rauschecker and Tian, 2000;Recanzone, 2000;Romanski et al, 1999;Tian et al, 2001;Warren and Griffiths, 2003). However, it remains poorly understood how the human brain implements the processing of auditory motion and location, and how these two processes differ from each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Representation of auditory motion directions and sound source locations in the human planum temporale

Battal

Rezk

Mattioni

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The ability to precisely compute the location and direction of sounds in external space is a crucial perceptual process to efficiently interact with dynamic environments. Little is known, however, about how the human brain implements spatial hearing. In our study, we used fMRI to characterize the brain activity of humans listening to left, right, up and down moving as well as static sounds. Whole brain univariate results contrasting moving and static sounds varying in their location revealed a robust functional preference for auditory motion in bilateral human Planum Temporale (hPT). Importantly, multivariate pattern classification analysis showed that hPT contains information about both auditory motion directions and, to a lesser extent, sound source locations. More precisely, we observed that our classifier successfully decoded opposite axes of motion (vertical versus horizontal) but was less able to classify opposite within-axis direction (left versus right or up versus down); reminiscent of the axis of motion organization observed in the middle-temporal cortex for vision. Further multivariate analyses demonstrated that even if motion direction and location rely on partially shared pattern geometries in PT, the responses elicited by static and moving sounds were however highly distinct. Altogether our results demonstrate that human PT codes for auditory motion and location but that the underlying neural computation linked to motion processing is more reliable and partially distinct from the one supporting sound source location.All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.

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Double dissociation of 'what' and 'where' processing in auditory cortex

Cited by 277 publications

References 48 publications

Cortico‐cortical connectivity within ferret auditory cortex

Cortico‐cortical connectivity within ferret auditory cortex

Functional specialization for auditory–spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans

Representation of auditory motion directions and sound source locations in the human planum temporale

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