Double foramentransversarium variation in ancient byzantine cervical vertebrae: preliminary report of an anthropological study

A morphometric study of foramen transversarium of dried cervical vertebrae

“…This occurs as a result of compression of vertebral artery during neck movements and characterized by headache, migraine and fainting attack. 3 Since, inner ear also derive it's blood supply from vertebral and basilar arteries, so any spasm of these arteries due to irritation of sympathetic plexus, may causes labyrinthine or hearing disturbances along with neurological symptoms. 4 Therefore, the knowledge about these variation is very helpful for radiologist & clinician in interpretation of X-rays, computed tomograms and MRI scans.…”

An Osteological Study of Foramen Transversarium of Cervical Vertebrae and Its Clinical Significance

“…Das et al [23] studied on 132 cervical vertebrae and reported only 2 case of accessory foramen transversarium. Kaya et al [24] studied on 22 Byzantine cervical vertebrae and observed the accessory foramen transversarium in 5(22.7%) vertebrae,in which 3 cases were unilateral and 2 cases were bilateral. Karau PB et al [25] studied 102 cervical vertebrae and found 3.9% of accessory foramen transversarium.…”

Anatomical Variations in Foramen Transversarium of Typical Cervical Vertebrae and Its Clinical Significance

“…Also, inner ear derives its blood supply from vertebral and basilar arteries. Spasm of these arteries may cause labyrinthine or hearing disturbances along with neurological symptoms [1,3]. Therefore, the knowledge about these variations is very helpful for radiologist and clinician in interpretation of X-rays, computed tomograms and MRI scans.…”

“…Its formation is a result of the special formation of the cervical transverse processes which is formed by the vestigial costal element fused to the body and the true transverse process of the vertebra. It is closed laterally by the costo-transverse bar which is a may be responsible for pathological conditions such as vertebra-basilar insufficiency [2,3]. Vertebro-basilar insufficiency occurs as a result of compression of vertebral artery during neck movements and characterized by headache, migraine and fainting attack.…”