Double Graded-Gap a-SiC:H P-I-N Thin-Film LED with Composition-Graded N-Layer and Carbon-Increasing P-Layer

Chen, Yen-Ann; Chen, Jyh–Kuan; Tsay, Wen-Chin; Hong, Jyh-Wong; Chang, Chun‐Yen

doi:10.7567/ssdm.1995.c-6-7

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…He concluded that equatorward and poleward motions occur on the eastern and western sides of the Asian and Mexican monsoon regions, respectively. The largest meridional velocities were associated with the Asian monsoon in the northern summer and are consistent with the findings of Chen (1995). The role of monsoons in the poleward transport of volcanic aerosol from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 was also noted by Trepte et al (1993).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Chen (1995) studied isentropic cross-tropopause mass exchange in the extratropics using a semi-Lagrangian transport model driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysed winds interpolated onto the 310, 320, 330, 340, 350 and 360 K isentropic surfaces. He found that on the 330 K surface and below, STE occurs vigorously in all seasons and is caused by irreversible mixing and transport by breaking synoptic-scale baroclinic disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of subtropical air in the european mid‐latitude lower stratosphere

O’Connor

Vaughan

Backer

1999

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Evidence of two wave-breaking events, during which subtropical air was transported into the northern mid latitudes, is presented. The first event took place in January 1997 when ozone mixing ratios of the order of 120 parts per billion (lo9) by volume (p.p.b.v.) were measured in the lower stratosphere above Aberystwyth (52.4'N, 4.1"W). The amount of subtropical air involved was 13 x loi4 kg. A second, more dramatic, wavebreaking event took place in March 1997 involving 36 x lOI4 kg of air. This case contained a region with potential vorticity 5 2 potential vorticity units (1 PVU = 1 x K kg-'m2s-I), consistent with ozone mixing ratios of 80 p.p.b.v. observed at Aberystwyth at 365 K. Trajectory analysis showed that this air was advected northwards from near the subtropical tropopause. The extent to which irreversible transport into the mid-latitude lower stratosphere followed both events is evaluated using trajectory analysis and potential-vorticity evolution.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of subtropical air in the european mid‐latitude lower stratosphere

O’Connor

Vaughan

Backer

1999

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…These regions coincide with high frequencies of vertical PV deformations detected by Sprenger et al (2003). Sprenger et al Chen 1995;Dethof et al 2000). However, this cannot explain the similar features around North America and northern Australia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In particular, horizontal effective diffusivity and equivalent length (Nakamura 1996) calculations, based on the advection of passive tracer fields using isentropic winds, have proved successful in creating latitudinally averaged climatologies of quasi-horizontal mixing in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) (Haynes and Shuckburgh 2000;Allen and Nakamura 2001;Scott et al 2003). Chen (1995) and Dethof et al (2000) use similar techniques to study isentropic cross-tropopause transport around the Asian summer monsoon, finding significant exchange linked to breaking synoptic-scale baroclinic disturbances and strong meridional velocities near the tropopause. Other studies have produced winter and summer climatologies of Rossby-wave breaking and tropopause folding based on the deformation of potential vorticity (PV) contours (Postel and Hitchman 1999;Sprenger et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An entropy-based measure of mixing at the tropopause

Patmore

Toumi

2006

Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.

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SUMMARYQualitative analysis of tracer correlations is now a well established technique for investigating mixing in the tropopause transition layer. Generally, these studies rely on in situ data retrieved over short distances and time-scales. Using satellite data from HALOE, we introduce a simple quantitative analysis technique, based on entropy, to provide a climatology of mixing, from H 2 O:O 3 tracer correlations. Results compare well with previous studies using Lagrangian-based estimates of effective diffusivity and equivalent lengths and also climatologies of tropopause folding. Further analysis techniques reveal characteristics of the transition layer, including its depth and position, leading to the distinction of three primary forms of mixing. Within our analysis domain, we estimate that half of total entropy can be attributed to subtropical 'Rossby-driven' tropopause folding events. The majority of the remaining entropy is associated with tropical convective mixing and a third form, possibly linked to shearinduced mixing at subtropical jet streaks.

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Double Graded-Gap a-SiC:H P-I-N Thin-Film LED with Composition-Graded N-Layer and Carbon-Increasing P-Layer

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Observations of subtropical air in the european mid‐latitude lower stratosphere

Observations of subtropical air in the european mid‐latitude lower stratosphere

An entropy-based measure of mixing at the tropopause

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