“…Among the five patients who did not respond to ESHAP (UPN 3, 5, 9, 12 and 15), four died of disease progression (associated with an infection in one) at 3, 4, 12 and 16 months, and one patient (UPN 12) is alive at 40 months after 4-Gy hemibody radiotherapy followed by fludarabine (Famp) plus cyclophosphamide (CPM). 26,27 The last two patients (UPN 2 and UPN 8) were not assessable for the response because one died in aplasia of intra-alveolar hemorrhage after the second cycle of ESHAP and the other died of sepsis, at 2 months and 1 month, respectively. Four patients had severe infections: UPN 7, who experienced severe and unusual cytopenia after each cycle of ESHAP, had Listeria monocytogenes meningitis occurring after the fourth cycle of ESHAP; it was cured by antibiotics but delayed the next two cycles; HSC collection and ASCT were delayed too at 14 and 18 months from inclusion, respectively.…”