Double Infections with Avian A/H5N1 and Swine A/H1N1 Influenza Viruses in Chickens

Adachi, Kazuhide; Kato, Tomoya; Kirimura, Naoki; Kubota, Yuka; Shiba, Hatsuki; Soejoedono, Retno Damajanti; Handharyani, Ekowati; Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro

doi:10.15640/aijb.v2n3-4a6

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…After being washed in PBS, the samples were incubated with a FITC-conjugated ostrich IgY against A/H5N1 viruses (1:1000) at 4˚C overnight. Finally, they were mounted with glycerol following sufficient washing with PBS, and specific signals for viral antigens were examined under a fluorescent microscope [24].…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry For Viral Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were housed under controlled conditions in a BSL3 laboratory and received food and water ad libitum. At 10 days old, the birds were inoculated intranasally with A/H5N1 (A/Bogor 2/FKH-IPB/2008 (H5N1)) virus (10 5 TCID 50 /ml)[22] [23][24]. Some chicks were injected intramuscularly with antiserum (8, 400, 2000 mg/kg body weight) at 2 h prior to in-fection, and all birds were housed for another 3 days.…”

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Prevention of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Infection by Passive Immunotherapy Using Antiserum

Adachi¹,

Suryaman²,

Soejoedono³

et al. 2018

AiM

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The rapid epidemic of highly pathogenic A/H5N1 avian influenza virus by transmission from poultry to humans triggered global unrest in the pandemic of novel influenza. If a human trophic strain of avian influenza viruses replicates in livestock including pigs and chickens, it may have high infectivity and pathogenicity to humans. The most effective method of reducing the outbreaks of influenza would be prophylaxis with an effective vaccine as well as anti-viral drugs including Oseltamivir and Zanamivir hydrate. In this study, chicken antiserum against A/H5N1 virus was produced: the antisera from immunized adult chicken had a strong binding activity to A/H5N1 viral antigens by ELISA. Furthermore, the antiserum strongly inhibited hemaggregation of erythrocytes and cytopathic effects in MDCK cells, indicating a strong neutralization activity against A/H5N1 infections. Interestingly, the mortality rate of chicks inoculated with A/H5N1 virus was dramatically decreased with the antiserum injection. These results suggest that antiserum may be a potentially effective protective and therapeutic modality for A/H5N1 infection.

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Section: Immunohistochemistry For Viral Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Infection by Passive Immunotherapy Using Antiserum

Adachi¹,

Suryaman²,

Soejoedono³

et al. 2018

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Ostrich Antibody and Its Application to Skin Diseases, a Review and Case Report

Tsukamoto¹,

Maeda²,

Shigekawa³

et al. 2018

Health

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Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced by B cells when antigens such as allergens or pathogens invade an animal's body. The antibodies remove and inactivate antigens. Antibodies are distributed in internal body and mucosal membrane to protect living animals, but they are excellent proteins that can exert their functions, "antigen-antibody reactions," even when removed from the body. For that reason, antibodies are being put to practical use in diagnostic kits for conditions such as pregnancy and influenza infection, and as anticancer drugs targeting specific tumor markers. The result has been an increasing use of antibodies for research, diagnosis, and therapeutic purposes. Unfortunately, antibodies from experimental mammals such as mice, rats, and rabbits, are not suited to industrial use because of their high production cost. Moreover, handling of these antibodies is difficult due to their vulnerability to heat, acids and alkalis. Accordingly, there is no adaptability to mass production. Recently, we developed a convenient method for the low-cost, mass-production of antibodies using egg-laying hen ostriches. The ostrich egg is an excellent source of antibodies for industrial purposes. The present report shows that the ostrich antibodies have therapeutic effects in ailments such as atopic dermatitis, acne, pyoderma, and pollen allergies. We have successfully produced and purified ostrich immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) against pollen allergens (Cryj1, Cryj2, Chao1, Chao2) and found that allergic reactions were alleviated in skin patch tests of allergic patients by using the ostrich IgY. In addition, we produced ostrich IgY against the homogenates of Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, and applied to dermal lesions of atopic dermatitis and acne patients, and then observed the therapeutic effects on the dermatitis of volunteer subjects.

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The Efficacy of Ostrich Antibodies to Dihydrotestosterone and 5<i>α</i>-Reductase in the Restoration of Hair Growth

Tsukamoto¹,

Hendler²,

Greenberg³

et al. 2019

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The hormone dihydro testosterone (DHT) and the catalyst 5α-reductase are key contributors to hair loss due to androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Also, dermal bacteria and their toxins have been implicated in hair loss. A preliminary study by the authors with six male volunteer subjects showed that ostrich antibodies against above causative substances were quite effective in promoting hair regrowth. The present study included 13 men and 4 women, with ages ranging from 39 to 78. Pre-and post-treatment hair counts were also incorporated into the study procedure. In all instances but one, the subjects had a hair-growth effect about 3 months after the antibody was applied to the scalp, and the study participants with hair growth were pleased with the results and with the ease of use of the antibody solution. HealthWe have so far developed a method to promote hair growth by specifically suppressing hair loss-inducing factors using antibodies. Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced by β-cells when a foreign substance such as pathogens enters the body. The antibodies function to detoxify or eliminate the antigens. Antibodies can also be effective externally. The characteristic "antigen-antibody" reaction usually targets only the inducing antigen. Usually, therapeutic antibodies are produced in mice, rabbits or cultured cells, and their production costs are very high.As discussed in a previous article by the authors [9], birds produce an antibody form, immunoglobulin Y ("IgY"), which is passed into the yolk of their eggs[10]- [15]. The antibodies have been purified from egg yolk and applied to a wide range of pathogen targets, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio cholerae [15] [16].

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Double Infections with Avian A/H5N1 and Swine A/H1N1 Influenza Viruses in Chickens

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Prevention of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Infection by Passive Immunotherapy Using Antiserum

Prevention of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Infection by Passive Immunotherapy Using Antiserum

Ostrich Antibody and Its Application to Skin Diseases, a Review and Case Report

The Efficacy of Ostrich Antibodies to Dihydrotestosterone and 5<i>α</i>-Reductase in the Restoration of Hair Growth

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Double Infections with Avian A/H5N1 and Swine A/H1N1 Influenza Viruses in Chickens

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Prevention of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Infection by Passive Immunotherapy Using Antiserum

Prevention of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Infection by Passive Immunotherapy Using Antiserum

Ostrich Antibody and Its Application to Skin Diseases, a Review and Case Report

The Efficacy of Ostrich Antibodies to Dihydrotestosterone and 5&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;-Reductase in the Restoration of Hair Growth

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The Efficacy of Ostrich Antibodies to Dihydrotestosterone and 5<i>α</i>-Reductase in the Restoration of Hair Growth