Double jeopardy: implications of neurodevelopmental conditions and adverse childhood experiences for child health

Gajwani, Ruchika; Minnis, Helen

doi:10.1007/s00787-022-02081-9

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These measures (the PSC and SDQ) were also recommended to be used with children and young people in care. None of the nine measures that were recommended more than once were recommended for both children and young people with care experience and children and young people with developmental disabilities, neglecting the intersectionality of both (Gajwani & Minnis, 2023 ). A focus on autism over other developmental disabilities was noticeable and when considering intersections of care experience and developmental disabilities it will be important for future research to consider other conditions such as FASD and ADHD (Gajwani & Minnis, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcome Measures for Children and Young People: Implications for Children in Out-of-home Care

Jacobs,

Power,

Davidson

et al. 2023

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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Purpose One of the challenges for mental health research is the lack of an agreed set of outcome measures that are used routinely and consistently between disciplines and across studies in order to build a more robust evidence base for how to better understand young people’s mental health and effectively address diverse needs. Methods This study involved a scoping review of reviews on consensus of the use of mental health and wellbeing measures with children and young people. We were particularly interested to identify if there are differences in measures that are recommended for children and young people with care experience including those with developmental disabilities. Findings We identified 41 reviews, of which two had a focus on child welfare settings, three on childhood trauma and 14 focused on children and young people with developmental disabilities. Overall, our review highlights a lack of consensus and a diversity of measures within the field. We identified 60 recommended measures, of which only nine were recommended by more than one review. Conclusions Our review highlights the need for greater agreement in the use of mental health outcome measures. While our review highlights that there is value in identifying measures that can be used with any child or young person, researchers need to take into account additional considerations when working with children and young people with care experience and those with developmental disabilities, to ensure measures are accessible and sensitive to their life experiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcome Measures for Children and Young People: Implications for Children in Out-of-home Care

Jacobs,

Power,

Davidson

et al. 2023

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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“…Family functioning was already correlated with youth psychopathology in urban areas, particularly regarding internalizing symptoms ( 53 ). Recent studies showed a positive correlation between adverse childhood experiences and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, leading to a greater risk of poor health outcomes in childhood and adolescence through the mediation of maladaptive stress calibration ( 54 – 56 ). Thus, the presence of childhood trauma and poor family functioning in strong association with the psychopathology in our TAY sample seems consistent with these models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, high parental stress is a major risk factor for childhood maltreatment. Childhood maltreatment has been proven to worsen psychopathology, in particular symptoms related to neurodevelopmental conditions ( 54 , 59 ), but also to cause psychopathology if combined with other genetic and environmental risk factors ( 60 ). For these reasons, we highlight that childhood trauma and poor family functioning might be strong enough explanatory factors associated with belonging to a clinical population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional model on how familial vulnerability and environmental factors impact transitional age youth psychopathology: The Transition_psy study

et al. 2023

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BackgroundUnderstanding psychopathology in transitional age youth (TAY) requires a complex model, incorporating familial vulnerability and environmental factors. A trans-diagnostic and dimensional approach seems the most appropriate. Transition_psy study aims to assess factors playing a role in TAY psychopathology and to define predictors.Materials and methodsThis article presents part of the Transition_psy study results, a case-control observational study. Youth aged 17 years old were recruited between June 2020 and December 2021, from both clinical [clinical population (CP) group] and non-clinical settings [non-clinical population (NCP) group]. Participants completed self-report questionnaires. The primary outcome to assess TAY psychopathology was the Youth-Self Report (YSR). We evaluated care needs with the Health of The Nation Outcome Scales For Children And Adolescents (HoNOSCA-SR) and quality of life with the World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQoL-BREF). Exposure factors included familial vulnerability, childhood, and present environmental factors, such as first-degree family history of psychopathology, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). YSR scores were compared, between groups, according to exposure factors with ANOVA and linear regression. We performed best subsets selection of multivariable analyses based on the Akaike Information Criterion. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04333797).ResultsA total of 220 TAY (CP = 106, NCP = 114) were included in the study. Participants were aged 17 years old. The majority were female (69.1%), single (96.8%), and born in Belgium (82.3%). Clinical data were all significantly different between CP and NCP groups. YSR scores were found statistically different according to group (p < 0.001), first-degree family history of psychopathology (p < 0.001), CTQ (p < 0.001), and FAD (p < 0.001). Predictive dimensional model suggested that TAY psychopathology can be predicted by group, CTQ and FAD. Significant positive correlation was found between YSR and HoNOSCA (rho = 0.81) and negative correlation between YSR and physical and psychological health (rho = −0.69 and −0.71, respectively).ConclusionThis study findings allowed to present a predictive dimensional model on TAY psychopathology, including belonging to a clinical population at transitional age, childhood trauma, and family dysfunction. Further research is needed to replicate Transition_psy study results in other samples. The proposed model could be used in clinical practice to improve assessment of TAY psychopathology.

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“…One such example of historical context leaving lasting impact on today’s structural resources is colonialism, which has resulted in lasting changes in power and resources for entire communities that pesrist today ( Czyzewski, 2011 ; Sherwood, 2014 ; Araújo et al, 2020 ). These historical structural factors continue to influence current contextual factors surrounding brain health and may have implications for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in later life ( Gajwani and Minnis, 2022 ). Thus, attributing an individual’s neurobiological outcome solely to individual-level factors (e.g., genetics, biological vulnerabilities, or personal decisions) misses critical contributions of the more significant systemic factors at play, such as resources, power, intergenerational factors, discrimination and autonomy ( Gee and Ford, 2011 ).…”

Section: Societal Constructions Of Human Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A call to leverage a health equity lens to accelerate human neuroscience research

Rebello

Uban

2023

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Investigation of health inequities tend to be examined, in human neurosciences, as biological factors at the level of the individual. In actuality, health inequities arise, due largely in part, to deep-seated structural factors. Structural inequality refers to the systemic disadvantage of one social group compared to others with whom they coexist. The term encompasses policy, law, governance, and culture and relates to race, ethnicity, gender or gender identity, class, sexual orientation, and other domains. These structural inequalities include but are not limited to social segregation, the intergenerational effects of colonialism and the consequent distribution of power and privilege. Principles to address inequities influenced by structural factors are increasingly prevalent in a subfield of the neurosciences, i.e., cultural neurosciences. Cultural neuroscience articulates the bidirectional relationship between biology and environmental contextual factors surrounding research participants. However, the operationalization of these principles may not have the intended spillover effect on the majority of human neurosciences: this limitation is the overarching focus of the present piece. Here, we provide our perspective that these principles are missing and very much needed in all human neuroscience subdisciplines to accelerate our understanding of the human brain. Furthermore, we provide an outline of two key tenets of a health equity lens necessary for achieving research equity in human neurosciences: the social determinants of health (SDoH) framework and how to deal with confounders using counterfactual thinking. We argue that these tenets should be prioritized across future human neuroscience research more generally, and doing so is a pathway to further gain an understanding of contextual background intertwined with the human brain, thus improving the rigor and inclusivity of human neuroscience research.

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Double jeopardy: implications of neurodevelopmental conditions and adverse childhood experiences for child health

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

A Scoping Review of Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcome Measures for Children and Young People: Implications for Children in Out-of-home Care

A Scoping Review of Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcome Measures for Children and Young People: Implications for Children in Out-of-home Care

Dimensional model on how familial vulnerability and environmental factors impact transitional age youth psychopathology: The Transition_psy study

A call to leverage a health equity lens to accelerate human neuroscience research

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