Double-layer TiO2 nanotube arrays by two-step anodization: Used in back and front-side illuminated dye-sensitized solar cells

Mohammadpour, Fatemeh; Moradi, Mahmood

doi:10.1016/j.mssp.2015.04.048

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nanograss structures form when the growth rate of the nanotubes at the oxide/metal interface is smaller than the chemical dissolution rate at the tubes top/electrolyte interface. In other words, chemical dissolution rate at the tubes top/electrolyte interface is higher than at tubes bottom [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enhanced physical properties of the anodic TiO2 nanotubes via proper anodization time

2018

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Vertically aligned titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanotubes were synthesized by electrochemical anodic oxidation in an electrolyte solution containing 0.45 wt% ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F) and 2 vol% deionized water at constant potential (70 V) for various anodization time at the room temperature. The influence of the anodization time on the morphology and optical properties of the anodic TiO 2 nanotubes have been studied. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the anodic TiO 2 nanotube morphology extremely depends on the anodization time. It was observed that by increasing anodization time, length of the anodic TiO 2 nanotubes increased and nanotubes destroyed at the top of the tubes. After a long time of anodization process (9 h), nanotubes completely destroyed. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the anodic TiO 2 nanotube band gap energy depends on the anodic TiO 2 nanotube morphology. The anodic TiO 2 nanotubes without any damage had a minimum band gap energy (2.9 eV).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enhanced physical properties of the anodic TiO2 nanotubes via proper anodization time

2018

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“…During the early stage of the anodization process, a TiO 2 layer was grown on the surface of the Ti foil after a fixed potential (20 V) was applied (Equation (6)). According to reported principle, TiO 2 growth was based on three key processes [42]. On the surface of Ti substrate, there was the formation of a TiO 2 layer, which can be expressed by Equation (8) [42][43][44]:…”

Section: Characterization Of the Tio 2 Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible Light Photodegradation of Formaldehyde over TiO2 Nanotubes Synthesized via Electrochemical Anodization of Titanium Foil

et al. 2020

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In this study, a series of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized employing electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in an ionic liquid solution containing a mixture of glycerol and choline chloride, acting as electrolyte. The as-synthesized TiO2 NTs were calcined at 350, 450, or 550 °C for a 2 h duration to investigate the influence of calcination temperature on NTs formation, morphology, surface properties, crystallinity, and subsequent photocatalytic activity for visible light photodegradation of gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO). Results showed that the calcination temperature has a significant effect on the structure and coverage of TiO2 NTs on the surface. Freshly synthesized TiO2 NTs showed better-ordered structure compared to calcined samples. There was significant pore rupture with increasing calcination temperature. The transformation from anatase to rutile phase appeared after calcination at 450 °C and the weight fraction of the rutile phase increased from 19% to 36% upon increasing the calcination temperature to 550 °C. The band gaps of the TiO2 NTs were in the range from 2.80 to 2.74 eV, shifting the active region of the materials to visible light. The presence of mixed anatase–rutile TiO2 phases in the sample calcined at 450 °C showed enhanced photoactivity, which was confirmed by the 21.56 mg∙L−1∙g−1 removal of gaseous formaldehyde under 120 min of visible light irradiation and displayed enhanced quantum yield, ∅HCHO of 17%.

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“…As fabrication has moved from the micro into the nanoscale, special interest has been given to spontaneous fabrication methods that yield nanostructured materials; naturally, anodization has come into play. In addition to commonly used Al, other anodized materials include Ti ; Ta ; Zr ; Nb ; GaN ; and have been studied for applications such as drug release , electrically active membranes , solar cells , and protein‐releasing conductive membranes , among many others.…”

Section: Anodizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anodization most commonly uses very thick layers or foils of a metal as starting material, which sets a trade‐off between thickness and stability. Mechanically stable anodized membranes are usually thick , resulting in very high aspect ratios that significantly compromise on efficient mass flow across the membrane, hindering its potential as separation media. The successful anodization of metallic films deposited on Si wafers and even glass has been reported, which increases the versatility of anodized materials since it expands the processing catalog to conventional silicon technologies.…”

Section: Anodizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication techniques enabling ultrathin nanostructured membranes for separations

Mireles

Gaborski

2017

Electrophoresis

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The fabrication of nanostructured materials is an area of continuous improvement and innovative techniques that fulfill the demand of many fields of research and development. The continuously decreasing size of the smallest patternable feature has expanded the catalog of methods enabling the fabrication of nanostructured materials. Several of these nanofabrication techniques have sprouted from applications requiring nanoporous membranes such as molecular separations, cell culture, and plasmonics. This review summarizes methods that successfully produce through-pores in ultrathin films exhibiting an approximate pore size to thickness ratio of one, which has been shown to be beneficial due to high permeability and improved separation potential. The material reviewed includes large-area, parallel, and affordable approaches such as self-organizing polymers, nanosphere lithography, anodization, nanoimprint lithography as well as others such as solid phase crystallization and nanosphere lens lithography. The aim of this review is to provide a set of inexpensive fabrication techniques to produce nanostructured materials exhibiting pores ranging from 10 to 350 nm and exhibiting a pore size to thickness ratio close to one. The fabrication methods described in this work have reported the successful manufacture of nanoporous membranes exhibiting the ideal characteristics to improve selectivity and permeability when applied as separation media in ultrafiltration.

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Double-layer TiO2 nanotube arrays by two-step anodization: Used in back and front-side illuminated dye-sensitized solar cells

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Enhanced physical properties of the anodic TiO2 nanotubes via proper anodization time

Enhanced physical properties of the anodic TiO2 nanotubes via proper anodization time

Visible Light Photodegradation of Formaldehyde over TiO2 Nanotubes Synthesized via Electrochemical Anodization of Titanium Foil

Fabrication techniques enabling ultrathin nanostructured membranes for separations

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