Double-Orifice Mitral Valve With Three Papillary Muscles

Trileaflet Mitral Valve with Three Papillary Muscles Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Novel Case

“…9 Of note, more than two papillary muscles have been reported primarily in cases associated with double-orifice MV. 7 The clinical significance of our case report is yet unknown. However, we want to emphasize with the present case the invaluable diagnostic role of 3DTEE which allowed us to rule out the presence of the distinctive "V" shape leaflet cleft morphology and as well the T-shaped MV closure line during systole resembling a trileaflet MV.…”

“…They may affect the valvar leaflets, tensor apparatus, and papillary muscles. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A trileaflet MV with three separate papillary muscles with concordant atrioventricular and ventricle-arterial connections is exceptionally rare. 3 Most of them have been well described and defined, such as congenital MV stenosis with two papillary muscles, parachute MV (a single papillary muscle variant), supravalvular mitral ring, hypoplastic MV, isolated cleft in the anterior and/or posterior leaflets, and double-orifice MV.…”

“…3 Most of them have been well described and defined, such as congenital MV stenosis with two papillary muscles, parachute MV (a single papillary muscle variant), supravalvular mitral ring, hypoplastic MV, isolated cleft in the anterior and/or posterior leaflets, and double-orifice MV. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A trileaflet MV with three separate papillary muscles with concordant atrioventricular and ventricle-arterial connections is exceptionally rare. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it has been reported only once in association with subaortic valvular stenosis.…”

A Trileaflet “Mitral Valve” with Three Papillary Muscles: Brand New Echocardiographic Finding

“…Case reports showing more than two papillary muscles were already described; however, they were associated with double-orifice mitral valve 11,12 or with discordant atrioventricular connections. 13 To the best of our knowledge, we believe that this is the first case of a trileaflet mitral valve sustained by three papillary muscles with normal atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections reported in the literature.…”

Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Reconstruction of Double-Orifice Mitral Valve and Mitral Leaflet Prolapse

“…Previously reported cases of DOMV had single or multiple papillary muscles. 3,4 However, previous echocardiography techniques had lower resolution; therefore, an accurate papillary muscle count could be determined only by open heart surgery or autopsy. In the present case, we could identify 2 complete sets of mitral valves including 4 papillary muscles and related structures by using a multimodal approach of TTE, heart dynamic computed tomography scan, and TEE.…”