Double random fractional Fourier-domain encoding for optical security

Gopinathan, Unnikrishnan

doi:10.1117/1.1313498

Cited by 205 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Various other linear optical systems have also been proposed in similar encryption architectures [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. For example, the random phase keys can be located in a fractional Fourier domain [76][77][78][79][80][81] or a Fresnel domain [61,82,83]. The most general form of the linear canonical transform, implemented with any arbitrary quadratic phase system, has also been used in an encryption system that uses random phase as a key [84].…”

Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of this system and systems like it have been investigated extensively [71][72][73][74][75]. Various other linear optical systems have also been proposed in similar encryption architectures [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. For example, the random phase keys can be located in a fractional Fourier domain [76][77][78][79][80][81] or a Fresnel domain [61,82,83].…”

Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Naughton¹,

Rastogi²,

Hack³

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The use of phase has a long standing history in optical image processing, with early milestones being in the field of pattern recognition, such as VanderLugt's practical construction technique for matched filters, and (implicitly) Goodman's joint Fourier transform correlator. In recent years, the flexibility afforded by phase-only spatial light modulators and digital holography, for example, has enabled many processing techniques based on the explicit encoding and decoding of phase. One application area concerns efficient numerical computations. Pushing phase measurement to its physical limits, designs employing the physical properties of phase have ranged from the sensible to the wonderful, in some cases making computationally easy problems easier to solve and in other cases addressing mathematics' most challenging computationally hard problems. Another application area is optical image encryption, in which, typically, a phase mask modulates the fractional Fourier transformed coefficients of a perturbed input image, and the phase of the inverse transform is then sensed as the encrypted image. The inherent linearity that makes the system so elegant mitigates against its use as an effective encryption technique, but we show how a combination of optical and digital techniques can restore confidence in that security. We conclude with the concept of digital hologram image processing, and applications of same that are uniquely suited to optical implementation, where the processing, recognition, or encryption step operates on full field information, such as that emanating from a coherently illuminated real-world three-dimensional object.

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Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Naughton¹,

Rastogi²,

Hack³

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…[2] Recently, various kinds of optical encryption techniques have been proposed for security systems because optical systems have merits of parallel processing and fast operation. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Among them the optical information is composed of complex function which is in phase and amplitude forms, and in order to get the complex encrypted data, a holographic recording technique may be required. This requirement makes it difficult to store and transmit the encrypted information over a digital network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Optical Encryption for Binary Data and Secret Key Using Phase-shifting Digital Holography

Jeon¹,

Gil²

2012

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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In this paper, we propose a new dual optical encryption method for binary data and secret key based on 2-step phase-shifting digital holography for a cryptographic system. Schematically, the proposed optical setup contains two Mach-Zehnder type interferometers. The inner interferometer is used for encrypting the secret key with the common key, while the outer interferometer is used for encrypting the binary data with the same secret key. 2-step phase-shifting digital holograms, which result in the encrypted data, are acquired by moving the PZT mirror with phase step of 0 or π/2 in the reference beam path of the Mach-Zehnder type interferometer. The digital hologram with the encrypted information is a Fourier transform hologram and is recorded on CCD with 256 gray level quantized intensities. Computer experiments show the results to be encryption and decryption carried out with the proposed method. The decryption of binary secret key image and data image is performed successfully.

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“…The significant feature of fractional Fourier transform and cosine domain image compression benefits from its extra degree of freedom that is provided by their fractional orders [5]. The FRFT based encryption systems reveals higher security by varying transform order to enlarge the key space [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Encryption-Compression Scheme Based on Multiple Parameter Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform with Eigen Vector Decomposition Algorithm

Sharma¹,

Saxena²,

Singh³

2014

IJCNIS

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Abstract-Encryption along with compression is the process used to secure any multimedia content processing with minimum data storage and transmission. The transforms plays vital role for optimizing any encryptioncompression systems. Earlier the original information in the existing security system based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is protected by only a certain order of FRFT. In this article, a novel method for encryption-compression scheme based on multiple parameters of discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFRFT) with random phase matrices is proposed. The multiple-parameter discrete fractional Fourier transform (MPDFRFT) possesses all the desired properties of discrete fractional Fourier transform. The MPDFRFT converts to the DFRFT when all of its order parameters are the same. We exploit the properties of multipleparameter DFRFT and propose a novel encryptioncompression scheme using the double random phase in the MPDFRFT domain for encryption and compression data. The proposed scheme with MPDFRFT significantly enhances the data security along with image quality of decompressed image compared to DFRFT and FRFT and it shows consistent performance with different images. The numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and efficiency of this scheme based on Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Compression ratio (CR) and the robustness of the schemes against bruit force attack is examined.

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Double random fractional Fourier-domain encoding for optical security

Cited by 205 publications

References 13 publications

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Dual Optical Encryption for Binary Data and Secret Key Using Phase-shifting Digital Holography

Hybrid Encryption-Compression Scheme Based on Multiple Parameter Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform with Eigen Vector Decomposition Algorithm

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