Double resistance by citrus green mould Penicillium digitatum to the fungicides guazatine and benomyl

Wild, B. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1983.tb02760.x

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results described here confirm that the majority of P. expansum isolates from pears in the 15 packing houses are resistant to TBZ, potentially rendering this compound ineffective as a postharvest blue mould treatment on stored pears in these locations. Loss of benzimidazole efficacy on Penicillium infections has been previously reported by various authors (Wild, 1983; Lee, 1985; Rosenberger et al ., 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Studies on thiabendazole resistance of Penicillium expansum of pears: pathogenic fitness and genetic characterization

Baraldi¹,

et al. 2003

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Isolates of Penicillium expansum recovered from stored pears were scored for resistance to the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) and for pathogenic fitness. Out of 50 isolates, nine were sensitive (S) and 41 resistant (R or RR). Seven of these resistant isolates (RR) germinated with a higher percentage on TBZ-amended medium than on unamended medium. Six S isolates and six RR isolates were chosen at random for further analysis. S and RR isolates had similar in vitro growth fitness, although RR isolates were characterized by higher infection severity on fruits. Laboratory-induced resistant isolates were generated by UV-irradiating S strains, and a similar correlation between the induced TBZ resistance and pathogenic fitness was observed. The β -tubulin gene of RR and S isolates was amplified and sequenced; mutations correlating with TBZ resistance were identified at residues Phe 167 and Glu 198. Analogous mutations were detected in the laboratory-induced resistant isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Studies on thiabendazole resistance of Penicillium expansum of pears: pathogenic fitness and genetic characterization

Baraldi¹,

et al. 2003

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“…These fungicides have been in use longer than IMZ and resistance in the PD population is well known. Double resistance to GZT and TBZ was reported in 1983 in Australia (Wild, 1983). To our knowledge, this is the first report of multiple resistance to IMZ, GZT, PPZ and TBZ in PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Guazatine has been in use since the early 1980s (Brown, 1988). Wild (1983) reported GZT resistance already in 1983. Imazalil (IMZ) is the most effective and reliable green mould fungicide currently in use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imazalil resistance in Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum causing citrus postharvest green and blue mould: Impact and options

Erasmus

Lennox

Korsten

et al. 2015

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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Citrus green and blue mould, caused by Penicillium digitatum (PD) and P. italicum (PI), respectively, are mostly controlled by means of postharvest fungicide applications. Currently, IMZ is regarded as the most effective fungicide in use. Effective IMZ concentrations that inhibit 50% (EC 50 ) growth of nine PD and five PI isolates were assessed in vitro and the various isolates categorized according to their resistance (R) factors. Effective residue levels that provided 50% curative (ER 50 C) and protective (ER 50 P) control of these isolates were determined in vivo. All the PI isolates were sensitive, having EC 50 values of 0.005 -0.050 µg.mL -1 . Three PD isolates were sensitive (0.027 -0.038 µg.mL -1 ), while one resistant isolate was categorized as low resistant (Rfactor of 19), one as moderately resistant (R-factor of 33.2), three as resistant (R-factor of 50 -57.6) and one as highly resistant (R-factor of 70.7

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“…Apart from environmental concerns, the increasing numbers of fungal and bacterial strains developing resistance to commonly applied antimicrobial agents worldwide (Wild, 1983;El-Goorani et al, 1984), thereby affecting the efficacy and lifespan of protective products , is alarming. Research efforts are focused on identifying novel antimicrobial agents from alternative chemical classes that function with different modes of action, conveying renewed effectivity in combating pathogens that have developed resistance to current chemicals (Wilson et al, 1997Wedge et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils and Other Plant Extracts as Food Preservatives

Régnier

Combrinck

Plooy³

2012

Progress in Food Preservation

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The safety and management of food during its processing, transport and storage are prerequisites for modern food processing. Despite the worldwide development of new ranges of preservation techniques, the microbiological safety of meat, fruits and vegetables, as well as dairy products, continues to be of major concern to both consumers and the food industry. Several outbreaks of foodborne pathogens during the last two decades have focused public attention on food safety. Environmental and human health concerns with regard to current practices involving synthetic compounds have further compelled the food industry to develop improved strategies. Natural products have been investigated as alternative biocides and antioxidants in an effort to rule out the use of synthetic preservatives, which are regarded as detrimental to health and the environment. Various applications of essential oils and plant extracts as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents have been reported and the use of such extracts have been validated by many researchers in several countries. This chapter describes the use of essential oils and other plant extracts as food preservatives, with emphasis on the fruit and vegetable post-harvest environment. The antifungal effects of these extracts on the control of fruit and vegetable pathogens are covered in detail. In addition, the application of plant extracts in the control of bacterial biofilms, which are more resistant than their planktonic counterparts to therapeutic intervention such as antibiotics, is also summarized. Finally, an overview regarding the importance of medicinal indigenous plants from developing countries as natural biocides and antioxidants is provided.

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Double resistance by citrus green mould Penicillium digitatum to the fungicides guazatine and benomyl

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Studies on thiabendazole resistance of Penicillium expansum of pears: pathogenic fitness and genetic characterization

Studies on thiabendazole resistance of Penicillium expansum of pears: pathogenic fitness and genetic characterization

Imazalil resistance in Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum causing citrus postharvest green and blue mould: Impact and options

Essential Oils and Other Plant Extracts as Food Preservatives

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