Double-sided onshore–offshore seismic imaging of a plate boundary: “super-gathers” across South Island, New Zealand

Okaya, D. A.; Henrys, S. A.; Stern, T. A.

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(02)00145-2

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The redundancy of ray paths provides coherency of crustal and mantle phases out to maximum offsets of 300 km, depending on the air-gun and dynamite sources used. The method is highly suited to a number of other active plate boundary areas like Japan, central America and Summatra (Okaya et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What made the SIGHT programme unique was the two-sided onshoreoffshore component that allowed efficient coast to coast imaging. Active source seismic methods across "continental islands" provides unusually high resolution of crust and upper mantle structure (Okaya et al, 2002). Optimal resolution is gained when the width of the island is ∼100-250 km, because at this width powerful, ship-mounted air gun arrays, deployed each side of the island, provide complete coast to coast coverage of the crust and mantle beneath the island ( Figs.…”

Section: Crustal Structure From the Sight Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining the onshore-offshore experiment on each side of the Island with the land refraction profiles permited "super gathers" (Fig. 2) of approximately 600 km in length to be created (Okaya et al, 2002).…”

Section: Crustal Structure From the Sight Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand

2014

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Seismic images of deformation beneath South Island, New Zealand, are provided by a form of seismic exploration uniquely suited to the study of "continental islands"-double-sided, onshore-offshore seismic methods in conjunction with onshore refraction and teleseismic P-wave delay data. Four sets of independent observations and analysis are use to infer rock properties within this plate boundary zone: seismic and electrical indications of highfluid pressures within the crust; P-wave delays from teleseismic anisotropy to show a high-speed zone in the mantle directly below the crustal root; Pn anisotropy of 11 ± 3% distributed over a region > 100 km-wide; and an effective elastic thickness (Te) that is vanishingly small beneath the Southern Alps and surface outcrop of the Alpine Fault, but increases to values of Te > 20 km beyond the coastlines of the South Island. Together, these observations show that deformation in the crust and mantle becomes progressively wider with depth. A region of distributed deformation > 200 km wide is inferred for the upper mantle. We propose that the weakness and the wide zone of deformation are phenomena of plate boundaries where both strike-slip and convergence have persisted for several millions of years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crustal Structure From the Sight Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand

2014

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“…It also provides a mechanism of calibrating and interpreting remote observations, such as those provided by the South Island Geophysical Transect project (SIGHT; Okaya et al, 2002;Stern et al, 2007), and linking these to surface data and rupture models. Laboratory measurements made on samples retrieved from depth, as well as measurements of the conditions under which those samples were collected, are required to more accurately describe the physical characteristics of fault rocks during coseismic rupture, and to account for strong ground motions (Beeler, 2006;Rice and Cocco, 2007).…”

Section: Why the Alpine Fault?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Fault Drilling ProjectAlpine Fault, New Zealand

Townend

Sutherland

Toy

2009

Scientific Drilling

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The Alpine Fault, South Island, New Zealand, constitutes a globally significant natural laboratory for research into how active plate-bounding continental faults work and, in particular, how rocks exposed at the surface today relate to deep-seated processes of tectonic deformation, seismogenesis, and mineralization. The along-strike homogeneity of the hanging wall, rapid rate of dextral-reverse slip on an inclined fault plane, and relatively shallow depths to mechanical and chemical transitions make the Alpine Fault and the broader South Island plate boundary an important international site for multi-disciplinary research and a realistic target for an ambitious long-term program of scientific drilling investigations.

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“…Tuned airgun arrays can provide improved resolution by concentrating primary pulse and canceling bubble oscillations. Tuned large volume airgun arrays can also be used for deep crustal investigations (Matthews and The BIRPS Group 1990;Choukroune 1989;Lutter et al 1999;Okaya et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing factors of seismic signals generated by un-tuned large volume airgun array in a land reservoir

et al. 2014

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Un-tuned large volume airgun array in a water reservoir is recently proposed as a new way to generate seismic waves on land. It can be used to explore the earth velocity structure and its temporal variations as well. However, the characteristics of seismic signals (especially far-field signals) from an airgun array in a reservoir and its affecting factors (firing pressure, airgun towing depth, water level of the reservoir, etc.) has not been adequately studied. We analyzed the seismic data collected from field experiments at Binchuan Transmitting Seismic Station in 2011 and 2013 and found that (1) The similarity of seismic signals decrease with distance, which is most likely induced by the decay of signal amplitude and signal to noise ratio (SNR); (2) The amplitudes of far-field airgun signals are almost linearly proportional to the firing pressure; (3) The towing depth of airgun has less effects on the far-field signals; (4) The amplitudes of far-field airgun signals are proportional to the water level of the reservoir.

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Double-sided onshore–offshore seismic imaging of a plate boundary: “super-gathers” across South Island, New Zealand

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand

Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand

Deep Fault Drilling ProjectAlpine Fault, New Zealand

Influencing factors of seismic signals generated by un-tuned large volume airgun array in a land reservoir

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Double-sided onshore–offshore seismic imaging of a plate boundary: “super-gathers” across South Island, New Zealand

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand

Structure and strength of a continental transform from onshore-offshore seismic profiling of South Island, New Zealand

Deep Fault Drilling ProjectAlpine Fault, New Zealand

Influencing factors of seismic signals generated by un-tuned large volume airgun array in a land reservoir

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Deep Fault Drilling ProjectAlpine Fault, New Zealand