Double-Step Adaptation of Saccadic Eye Movements Is Influenced by Priming with Age Stereotypies

Bock, Otmar; Grigorova, Valentina; Ilieva, Milena

doi:10.4236/psych.2013.412147

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Studies using the subliminal method observed improvements following positive age primes and impairments following negative age primes on performance measures as different as cardiovascular function (Levy, Hausdorff, Hencke, & Wei, 2000), handwriting (Levy, 2000), locomotion (Hausdorff, Levy, & Wei, 1999), sensorimotor plasticity (Bock, Grigorova, & Ilieva, 2013), cognition (Hess, Hinson, & Statham, 2004) and the will to live (Levy, Ashman, & Dror, 2000). Other studies used the supraliminal "scrambled sentence task" (Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996): under the pretext of a language proficiency experiment, subjects are instructed to form meaningful sentences from lists of five words, where unbeknownst to them one of the five words represents an age stereotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming with Age Stereotypes Influences the Performance of Elderly Workers

Kirchner

Völker²,

Bock³

2015

PSYCH

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Studies have shown that priming with negative age stereotypes can degrade the performance of older adults on typical laboratory tasks. Here we evaluate whether priming with positive age stereotypes can improve performance on an ecologically valid task, modelled after the subjects' duties at work. Twenty healthy employees (age: Ø 52.75 years; SD = 9.45) from the receiving department of a wholesale company were primed with the scrambled sentence task. The experimental group (n = 10) was primed with positive age stereotypes such as "wise". In the control group (n = 10) no age stereotypes were presented. Both groups were subsequently tested with a delivery-verification task, in which the contents of a parcel had to be checked against an invoice. The experimental group completed the verification task within 4.31 minutes (SD = 2.22), and the control group within 7.18 minutes (SD = 2.12). The difference was statistically significant (t(18) = 2.8; p < 0.05). Positive supraliminal priming appears to be a promising technique to enhance the job-related performance of elderly employees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming with Age Stereotypes Influences the Performance of Elderly Workers

Kirchner

Völker²,

Bock³

2015

PSYCH

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“…In any case, our data are in line with earlier evidence showing that priming with positive age stereotypes is a robust technique [ 9 ]. In the past, this technique was found to improve older participants’ locomotion [ 27 ], handwriting [ 28 ], oculomotor learning [ 29 ], memory [ 30 ] and job performance [ 31 ] while reducing their stress level [ 32 ]; we now show that positive age priming also improves performance on a variant of the MET, a valid indicator of executive dysfunction [ 15 , 16 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Performance of Older Persons in a Simulated Shopping Task Is Influenced by Priming with Age Stereotypes

Bock

Akpinar

2016

PLoS ONE

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Previous research suggests that older persons show cognitive deficits in standardized laboratory tests, but not in more natural tests such as the Multiple Errands Task (MET). The absence of deficits in the latter tests has been attributed to the compensation of deficits by strategies based on life-long experience. To scrutinize this view, we primed older participants with positive or negative stereotypes about old age before administering MET. We found that compared to unprimed controls, priming with positive age stereotypes reduced the number of errors without changing response times, while priming with negative stereotypes changed neither errors not response times. We interpret our findings as evidence that positive age priming improved participants’ cognitive functions while leaving intact their experience-based compensation, and that negative age priming degraded participants’ cognitive functions which, however, was balanced by an even stronger experience-based compensation.

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“…The associations with saccadic adaptation are also of interest as they build on previous work discussing why the rate and magnitude of adaptation vary greatly across individuals (6,7).…”

Section: Associations Between Saccadic Adaptation Stress and Trait Mmentioning

confidence: 90%

Psychosocial stress affects the acquisition of cerebellar-dependent sensorimotor adaptation

Gheorghe

Panouillères

Walsh

2018

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Despite being overlooked in theoretical models of stress-related disorders, differences in cerebellar structure and function are consistently reported in studies of individuals exposed to current and early-life stressors. However, the mediating processes through which stress impacts upon cerebellar function are currently unknown. The aim of the current experiment was to test the effects of experimentally-induced acute stress on cerebellar functioning, using a classic, forward saccadic adaptation paradigm in healthy, young men and women. Stress induction was achieved by employing the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST), a task employing mental arithmetic and negative social feedback to generate significant physiological and endocrine stress responses. Saccadic adaptation was elicited using the double-step target paradigm. In the experiment, 48 participants matched for gender and age were exposed to either a stress (n = 25) or a control (n = 23) condition. Saliva for cortisol analysis was collected before, immediately after, and 10, and 30 min after the MIST. Saccadic adaptation was assessed approximately 10 min after stress induction, when cortisol levels peaked. Participants in the stress group reported significantly more stress symptoms and exhibited greater total cortisol output compared to controls. The stress manipulation was associated with slower learning rates in the stress group, while control participants acquired adaptation faster. Learning rates were negatively associated with cortisol output and mood disturbance. Results suggest that experimentally-induced stress slowed acquisition of cerebellar-dependent saccadic adaptation, related to increases in cortisol output. These 'proof-of-principle' data demonstrate that stress modulates cerebellar-related functions.

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Double-Step Adaptation of Saccadic Eye Movements Is Influenced by Priming with Age Stereotypies

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Priming with Age Stereotypes Influences the Performance of Elderly Workers

Priming with Age Stereotypes Influences the Performance of Elderly Workers

Performance of Older Persons in a Simulated Shopping Task Is Influenced by Priming with Age Stereotypes

Psychosocial stress affects the acquisition of cerebellar-dependent sensorimotor adaptation

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