Double superior venae cavae with absence of the coronary sinus and anomalies of the azygos venous system

Notsu, Eiji; Ono, Koji; Horie, Sawa; Morris, John F.; Toida, Kazunori

doi:10.1007/s12565-020-00524-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…1). The azygos vein is responsible for the drainage of the thoracic and abdominal walls, esophagus, bronchi and trachea, and is able to divert blood to the superior or inferior vena cava in the event of a blockage of one of these large vessels (anastomotic system) (Notsu et al, 2020;Petrenko et al, 1990). Despite the fact that its anatomical variations are not very frequent, in some individuals the azygos vein may present variations in its origin, route, termination or tributaries, which have been described in many articles including classical anatomical literature (Adachi, 1940;Falla et al 1963;Nathan, 1960;Hatfield et al, 1987;Koutsouflianiotis et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical variant of the azygos vein course in a cancer patient and review of the literature

Doello,

Quiñonero,

Perazzoli

et al. 2024

EJA

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The azygos vein is responsible for drainage through a staff of venous blood from the chest wall for the most part. Sometimes its course causes the independence of part of the lung parenchyma, which is known as the accessory lobe of the azygos. The present article presents the casual radiological finding of this anatomical variant in a 70-year-old patient undergoing a computed tomography scan for colon cancer. The azygos accessory lobe is a mostly asymptomatic anatomical variation, but it can be a problem in some thoracic surgeries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical variant of the azygos vein course in a cancer patient and review of the literature

Doello,

Quiñonero,

Perazzoli

et al. 2024

EJA

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“…Generally, the right SVC is formed by a joining of the right and left brachiocephalic veins, which drain the venous return from the head, neck and bilateral upper limbs to the right atrium (Moore et al, 2013). However, several reports and reviews have appeared regarding persistenceof the left superior vena cava (PLSVC) (Sakamoto et al, 1993;Uemura et al, 2009;Notsu et al, 2020). These reports have indicated an incidence of the PLSVC of about 0.3 to 0.5 %, with an increase to about 3 % in patients with congenital heart disease (Perles et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-Sided Superior Vena Cava: Developmental Considerations Associated with the Thymic Veins

et al. 2022

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The superior vena cava is usually located only on the right side, but persistence of the left superior vena cavais observed in about 0.3 to 0.5 % of adults. A routine dissection of the cadaver of a 91-year-old Japanese female, whose cause of death was sepsis due to cholecystitis, was performed at Nagasaki University and revealed a double-sided superior vena cava. On the right side, the superior vena cava opened to the right atrium, while on the left, it opened into the extended coronary sinus. Veins in the left head, neck and upper limb regions joined to form the persistent left superior vena cava, with eventual drainage into the expanded coronary vein. An anastomosing branch occurred between each superior vena cava, and two thymic veins opened to the anastomosing branch. The azygos vein in the azygos venous system opened into the right superior vena cava, whereas a hemi-azygos vein opened into the azygos vein. The accessory hemi-azygos vein also opened into the azygos vein and opened cranially into the left superior vena cava. The left supreme intercostal vein also opened into the left superior vena cava. Several studies have reported a persistent left superior vena cava and the various considerations for its occurrence. Here, we propose a new hypothesis for the embryonic development of the persistent left superior vena cava with the thymic vein. This hypothesis essentially states that the left brachiocephalic vein fails to mature due to inadequate venous return from the thymic vein during the embryonic period, and the left superior vena cava then remains to maintain venous return from the left head, neck and upper limb. We also discuss the clinical significance of the persistent left superior vena cava.

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Double superior venae cavae with absence of the coronary sinus and anomalies of the azygos venous system

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Anatomical variant of the azygos vein course in a cancer patient and review of the literature

Anatomical variant of the azygos vein course in a cancer patient and review of the literature

Double-Sided Superior Vena Cava: Developmental Considerations Associated with the Thymic Veins

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