Double walled carbon nanotube/polymer composites via in-situ nitroxide mediated polymerisation of amphiphilic block copolymers

Abstract

The formation of amorphous carbon or graphite from C 60 under neutron irradiation is a logical expectation. Therefore we have recorded the FT-Raman spectra of both the amorphous carbon and graphite as well (Fig. 4). The two sharper graphite D and G bands are observed at 1291 and 1588 cm À1 , respectively. Similar bands were observed for amorphous carbon at 1300 and 1592 cm À1 . The very strong band at 1300 cm À1 indicates the strong disordered structure in amorphous carbon. It is clearly seen that there are no traces of these Raman features in the spectra of irradiated C 60 in Fig. 3. Probably the extent of surface decomposition is very weak, not detectable by conventional FT-Raman spectroscopy but strong enough to destroy to efficiency of Raman scattering.FT-Raman spectroscopic studies of irradiated C 60 crystals indicated a quite early decomposition of the samples already at the lowest neutron dose applied, close to 10 15 n cm [2]. Our earlier positron lifetime spectroscopic and DSC studies [3] indicated that C 60 resists up to a neutron dose of approx 10 16 n cm À2 . This difference can be explained by the fact that Raman spectroscopy is very sensitive to the slight surface decomposition which did not affect the general properties of the bulk material. It was not possible to detect the formation of amorphous carbon or graphite by FT-Raman spectroscopy but weak features of polymerised C 60 were detected. It can be concluded that FT-Raman spectroscopy is a very sensitive tool for the detection of the minor surface decomposition of polycrystalline C 60 .

Covalent Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Poly(acrylic acid)

“…22 The peak at 290.9 eV was commonly assigned to the π-π* transition levels (free electrons of the graphitic plane). 24 On the basis of the peak area analysis, the ratio of hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl functional groups was calculated to be about 14%, 13% and 7%. The O 1 s peak of acid-oxidized MWNT was decomposed into three components appearing at 531.52, 532.85 and 534.12 eV, which are corresponding to carbonyl oxygen (C＝O), hydroxyl oxygen ( -OH), and carboxyl oxygen (COOH), as shown in Figure 3.…”

Annealing Influence on Siloxane-Based Materials Incorporated with Fullerenes, Phthalocyanines, and Silsesquioxanes

“…After the heating at 400°C, the overall C species contribution decreased from around 56.2% (sample B) to around 7.4% (B 400 ), while the O and Si contributions increased drastically from 24.2% to 71.2% and 10.7% to 21.4%, respectively. The C1s spectrum of the sample B 400 has been decomposed into two peaks with the center positions at around 286.3 eV (originating from C-O species [21], signal Ia in Fig. 4) and 284.5 eV (originating from C-C species [22,23], signal IIa).…”

Functionalization of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Thermo‐Grafting with α‐Methylstyrene‐Containing Copolymers

“…[24] On the other hand, for the PAG-gMWCNTs, the C1s spectrum was decomposed into six components ( Figure 3C). As compared to the raw MWCNTs, the peak originally centered at 284.6 eV displayed a shift to 284.8 eV, indicating the existence of sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms (285.1 eV).…”