Doubly Modulated Optical Lattice Clock: Interference and Topology

Abstract

The quantum system under periodical modulation is the simplest path to understand the quantum non-equilibrium system, because it can be well described by the effective static Floquet Hamiltonian. Under the stroboscopic measurement, the initial phase is usually irrelevant. However, if two uncorrelated parameters are modulated, their relative phase can not be gauged out, so that it can dramatically change physics. Here, we simultaneously modulate the frequency of lattice laser and Rabi frequency in the optical lattice clock (OLC) system. Thanks to ultra-high precision and ultra-stability of OLC, the relative phase could be fine-tuned. As a smoking gun, we observed the interference between two Floquet channels. At last, we discuss the relation between effective Floquet Hamiltonian and 1-D topological insulator with high winding numbers. Our experiment not only provides a direction for detecting the phase effect, but also paves a way in simulating quantum topological phase in OLC platform.X.-F. Z. thank valuable discussions with Z.J. Qiong and S.X. Qin.

The time-domain Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg-Majorana interference in optical lattice clock

“…Recently, it has been realized in one dimensional 87 Sr OLC system by modulating the lattice frequency around the "magic" wavelength [34,35]. Due to the Doppler effect, the dynamics of internal clock transition is governed by a photonassisted LZSM Hamiltonian [23,29,36] Ĥnz,nx…”

Harmonic dual dressing of spin one-half systems

“…A bichromatic driving of the external coordinates was investigated by [50] in an ultracold atom experiment. Dual modulation driving was investigated in an optical lattice clock [51], with a careful investigation of the role played by the driving phases on the interference. This paper is structured as follows.…”

Experimental realization of a fermionic spin-momentum lattice

“…Several approaches to synthetic dimensions have been experimentally realized. Real-space lattices augmented with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) connect spin "lattice" sites via momentum exchange, creating Hall cylinders pierced by magnetic flux in a synthetic position-spin space [11][12][13][14][15][16], or creating Hall ribbons in optical clock experiments [17][18][19][20]. Real-space lattices are not always needed; SOC itself can provide synthetic degrees of freedom, which can act as a potent generator of Berry curvature [21][22][23][24][25] or provide control parameters for Hamiltonian engineering [26,27].…”