Down Syndrome and Alzheimer Disease

Lott, Ira T.; Osann, Kathryn; Doran, Eric; Nelson, Linda D.

doi:10.1001/archneur.59.7.1133

Cited by 84 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, despite considerable theoretical reasons to suggest patients with DS, especially those with concurrent dementia, could derive benefit from cholinesterase inhibitor therapy, there are currently few studies reported in the literature from which to draw a conclusion. Some authors claim improvement in socialisation subscale and adaptive behaviour composite score (Kishnani et al, 1999) in patients with DS with or without dementia (Lott et al, 2002;Prasher et al, 2002). Others report no clinical benefit and frequent adverse effects (Cipriani et al, 2002;Hemingway-Eltomey and Lerner, 1999).…”

Section: Drugs To Improve Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On dendrites in Down syndrome and DS murine models: a spiny way to learn

Benavides-Piccione

Ballesteros-Yáñez

Lagrán

et al. 2004

Progress in Neurobiology

120

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Since the discovery in the 1970s that dendritic abnormalities in cortical pyramidal neurons are the most consistent pathologic correlate of mental retardation, research has focused on how dendritic alterations are related to reduced intellectual ability. Due in part to obvious ethical problems and in part to the lack of fruitful methods to study neuronal circuitry in the human cortex, there is little data about the microanatomical contribution to mental retardation. The recent identification of the genetic bases of some mental retardation associated alterations, coupled with the technology to create transgenic animal models and the introduction of powerful sophisticated tools in the field of microanatomy, has led to a growth in the studies of the alterations of pyramidal cell morphology in these disorders. Studies of individuals with Down syndrome, the most frequent genetic disorder leading to mental retardation, allow the analysis of the relationships between cognition, genotype and brain microanatomy. In Down syndrome the crucial question is to define the mechanisms by which an excess of normal gene products, in interaction with the environment, directs and constrains neural maturation, and how this abnormal development translates into cognition and behaviour. In the present article we discuss mainly Down syndrome-associated dendritic abnormalities and plasticity and the role of animal models in these studies. We believe that through the further development of such approaches, the study of the microanatomical substrates of mental retardation will contribute significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying human brain disorders associated with mental retardation. #

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Section: Drugs To Improve Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On dendrites in Down syndrome and DS murine models: a spiny way to learn

Benavides-Piccione

Ballesteros-Yáñez

Lagrán

et al. 2004

Progress in Neurobiology

120

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“…22 However, the development of Eisenmenger syndrome in association with ventricular septal defect will still lead to significant limitations in health and longevity. Interestingly, the most significant health risk for people with Down syndrome over 40 years of age has been identified as Alzheimer's disease (AD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the most significant health risk for people with Down syndrome over 40 years of age has been identified as Alzheimer's disease (AD). 22 After 35 years of age, virtually all individuals with Down syndrome have developed the neuropathologic characteristics of AD, although a smaller percentage undergo symptoms of cognitive decline. 22 The general dental practitioner should be aware of the possible onset of clinical symptoms of AD, since adult patients may experience memory loss, be difficult to manage behaviourally in the clinical setting, and the level of home care may decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The implications and management of acute odontogenic infection in association with Down and Eisenmenger syndromes and schizophrenia in a rural setting

Butler¹,

Cane

2007

Australian Dental Journal

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Background: This report describes the case management of a 32 year old special needs patient with life-threatening odontogenic infection. The combination of schizophrenia, Down and Eisenmenger syndromes presented significant challenges to managing his oral health, particularly within the rural context. In this case, dental treatment was limited to a full dental clearance during a high risk general anaesthesia session. Method: A comprehensive work-up prior to general anaesthesia was an essential aspect of care. This included a full medical history and examination, communication between medical specialists, the dentist and family consultation. The anaesthetic procedure was undertaken using a careful regimen of drugs and monitoring to minimize the impact on his cardiovascular system. Techniques to minimize bleeding from extraction sites were also important. Results: Three weeks postsurgically the patient was reviewed and his family reported that he was interacting positively with them after years of surliness and conflict. This was attributed to a managed psychotropic medication regimen and improved dental condition, which has led to a sustained improvement in quality of life. Conclusions: The management of acute odontogenic infection for special needs patients in the rural setting requires a local interdisciplinary team approach, careful consideration of related pathophysiology and its potential impact on general anaesthesia, and close consultation with family and carers.

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“…The resolution factor (R s ) was calculated by R s = 1/4 (a -1) ( ber and k' is the average retention factor for the two bands. The column plate number was determined using the formula, N = 5.54 (t R /w h ) 2 , where w h is the bandwidth at 50 % of peak height.…”

Section: Peak Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of donepezil hydrochloride in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC with fluorescence detection

Abonassif¹,

Hefnawy²,

Kassem³

et al. 2011

Acta Pharmaceutica

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Determination of donepezil hydrochloride in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC with fluorescence detectionA sensitive, isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method involving fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of donepezil hydrochloride in tablets and in human plasma. Pindolol was used as an internal standard. Good chromatographic separation was achieved by using an analytical column C18. The system operated at room temperature using a mobile phase consisting of methanol, phosphate buffer (0.02 mol L-1) and triethyl amine (pH 3.5) (55: 45: 0.5,V/V/V) at a flow rate 0.9 mL-1min. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from human plasmavialiquid-liquid extraction. The proposed method was validated for sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 5-2000 ng mL-1of donepezil with detection limit of 1.5 ng mL-1. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 2.5 %. The method was found to be suitable for quality control of donepezil hydrochloride in bulk drug as well as in human plasma.

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Down Syndrome and Alzheimer Disease

Abstract: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be helpful in reversing the symptoms of dementia during early and middle stages of cognitive decline. These findings support the rationale for a more extensive study of the efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Down syndrome dementia.

Cited by 84 publications

References 15 publications

On dendrites in Down syndrome and DS murine models: a spiny way to learn

On dendrites in Down syndrome and DS murine models: a spiny way to learn

The implications and management of acute odontogenic infection in association with Down and Eisenmenger syndromes and schizophrenia in a rural setting

Determination of donepezil hydrochloride in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC with fluorescence detection

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