Down syndrome: Coercion and eugenics

McCabe, Linda L.; McCabe, Edward R.B.

doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e318216db64

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Currently, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 strives to protect Americans against discrimination based on genetic information regarding health insurance and employment. There is still some evidence of eugenic practices by insurers, 56 and other unjust practices that block persons with disabilities from fair access to goods and services.…”

Section: Eugenicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ethical Implications of Osteogenesis Imperfecta across the Lifespan

Coors¹

2014

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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Section: Eugenicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ethical Implications of Osteogenesis Imperfecta across the Lifespan

Coors¹

2014

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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“…Although the majority of Down syndrome pregnancies can be detected prenatally [12,13], not all pregnant women opt for antenatal diagnostic testing [14][15][16][17] and some make the decision to continue their affected pregnancy. Recent reports have estimated that the prevalence of Down syndrome is about 1 in 1000 [18], the 10-year survival rate 85% and that roughly half of these children may enjoy a relative independence during adulthood when the appropriate postnatal interventions are followed [9,19]. However, information on rates of cesarean delivery among pregnancies diagnosed with genetic syndromes remains limited because fetuses/newborns with genetic anomalies or congenital malformations are often excluded from the analysis in studies concerning cesarean delivery rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesarean delivery rates in Down syndrome pregnancies

Faro

Santolaya-Forgas

Oyelese

et al. 2013

Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine

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OBJECTIVES: Data on rates of cesarean delivery among pregnancies diagnosed with genetic syndromes remains limited. We examined the cesarean delivery rates for Down syndrome pregnancies over a 10-year period in the US. METHODS: We used data from the 1995-2004 US delivery data files to examine cesarean delivery rates in singleton pregnancies (at ≥20 weeks' gestation) with and without Down syndrome. We further examined if the rates of cesarean deliveries in primary and repeat cesarean deliveries among Down syndrome pregnancies differed based on the presence or absence of major structural abnormalities or stillbirth or gestational age at delivery. RESULTS: There were 35 million singleton deliveries of which 19186 were diagnosed at birth with Down syndrome (1 in 2000 births after 20 weeks gestation). The primary cesarean delivery rates were higher among Down syndrome pregnancies (17.5% in 1995 and 21.5% in 2004) compared to non-Down syndrome pregnancies (12.3% in 1995 and 16.6% in 2004). Temporal trends for cesarean deliveries were steeper among Down syndrome pregnancies with gastrointestinal and heart abnormalities than in Down syndrome cases without abnormalities. Higher cesarean delivery rates were also noted among Down syndrome pregnancies ending in third trimester live born than in control. CONCLUSION: In the US, cesarean deliveries in Down syndrome pregnancies increases over time and is greater when Down syndrome is associated with structural abnormalities and delivered during the third trimester of pregnancy.

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“…Pre implantation genetic testing greatly advanced the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) by guiding the selection of healthy embryos [19][20]. Furthermore, in uterus, amniotic and chorionic, genetic testing and USG, help to identify genetic disorders early on in development [21][22][23][24][25]. While the test results, indicative of genetic disorders, may lead some women to terminate pregnancies, genetic engineering aimed at correcting these errors, and thus preventing those genetic disorders from developing, is currently a futuristic temptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing of Biomolecules and Transgenes’ Vectors in Nuclei of Oocytes

Malecki¹,

Malecki²

2012

J Fertiliz In Vitro

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The molecular architecture of Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs), as well as the import and export of molecules through them, has been intensively studied in a variety of cells, including oocytes. However, the structures and mechanisms, involved in the transport of molecules beyond the NPCs, remained unclear, until now. The specific aim of this work was, therefore, to determine, if there exist any intranuclear structures in continuum with the NPCs. This information could help in explaining the mechanisms, which propel the distribution of biomolecules and vectors inside the cell nuclei. To attain this aim, we used rapid cryo-immobilization to capture molecular processes of living cells with millisecond resolution. We pursued molecular imaging, including electron energy loss spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, to reveal structures with nanometer spatial resolution. We also bioengineered single chain variable fragments to track biomolecules and transgenes' constructs. Herein, we reveal the Nuclear Routing Networks (NRNs) in the oocytes of Xenopus laevis. The NRNs originate at and extend from the tops of intranuclear baskets of the NPCs to interconnect them, while creating a complex, intra-nuclear, three-dimensional architecture. The NRNs guide the export of both tRNA, as well as the Nuclear Export Signal (NES) equipped vectors, from the nuclei. Moreover, the NRNs guide the import of both nucleoplasmin, as well as the Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS) modified transgenes' vectors, into the nuclei. The vectors equipped with these NLS and NES shuttle back and forth through the NPCs and NRNs. To summarize, we reveal the NRN, which functions as the guided distribution system in the Xenopus laevis oocytes' nuclei. We further proceed with the identification of its molecular components.

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Down syndrome: Coercion and eugenics

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Ethical Implications of Osteogenesis Imperfecta across the Lifespan

Ethical Implications of Osteogenesis Imperfecta across the Lifespan

Cesarean delivery rates in Down syndrome pregnancies

Routing of Biomolecules and Transgenes’ Vectors in Nuclei of Oocytes

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