Downhill Speed Control of In-Wheel Motor during Regenerative Braking

Bayır, Raif; Soylu, Tuncay

doi:10.5755/j01.eie.23.6.19693

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Also, the high voltage UC is expensive compared to high power density battery. State of art of regenerative braking circuit topologies (a) [21], [23], [24], [26]- [30], (b) [31]- [33] (c) [34] (d) [35] (e) [36] (f) [37], [38] component like Ultra Capacitors (UC). This combination of an additional energy storage device and the main battery is known as a hybrid energy storage system (HESS).…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Design, Modeling and Hardware Implementation of Regenerative Braking for Electric Two-Wheelers for Hilly Roads

et al. 2022

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The electric vehicles which operate in hilly region gain potential energy while moving uphill. Some of this energy can be recuperated to charge the battery while the vehicle moves downhill by using regenerative braking. The speed of the electric vehicle while descending the slope of hilly roads is often low to ensure the safety of the passenger, hence requiring regenerative braking at low speed. Braking at low speed is quite challenging due to the low level of back electromotive force (EMF) during regenerative braking. This paper presents a modular regenerative braking circuit for electric scooters operating at low speeds. The proposed modular regenerative braking circuit's configuration, operation, and control scheme are explained in the paper. Here using the state-space averaging technique, the small-signal modeling of the braking circuit was done, and a Type-II current controller was designed to track the braking current reference. The proposed configuration also suggests fast switching between the motoring and regenerative modes by enabling or disabling the gate pulses to the inverter or DC/DC boost converter. This removes the need for a separate switch in the power circuit, hence increasing reliability and reducing cost. The operation of the proposed regenerative braking circuit, along with the overall motor drive-train of the vehicle, was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Its hardware implementation was conducted on a scaled-down laboratory test set-up. The simulation and experimental results verify the working of the proposed regenerative braking circuit and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.INDEX TERMS Modular regenerative braking, electric scooters, DC/DC converter, Type-II compensator, hilly roads.

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Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…FIGURE 2.State of art of regenerative braking circuit topologies (a)[21],[23],[24],[26]-[30], (b)[31]-[33] (c)[34] (d)[35] (e)[36] (f)[37],[38] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Modeling and Hardware Implementation of Regenerative Braking for Electric Two-Wheelers for Hilly Roads

et al. 2022

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“…The voltages in the windings are in the form of trapezoidal waveforms. The switches on the inverter are considered ideal, and the losses of iron and hysteresis are neglected [19]. Because of these assumptions, the mathematical model of the three-phase IWEM is as in (1):…”

Section: Mathematical Equations Of An In-wheel Electric Motormentioning

confidence: 99%

An Embedded Controller Application with Regenerative Braking for the Electric Vehicle

Karabacak¹,

Uysal²

2020

ELEKTRON ELEKTROTECH

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Regenerative braking is very important for increasing the total range of an electric vehicle. In this study, an embedded controller, including regenerative braking, is designed and implemented for an electric vehicle. Experimental studies are carried out on an electric vehicle driven by two in-wheel electric motors. In-wheel electric motors are preferred in light electric vehicles, since they are both highly efficient and supports regenerative braking. In our embedded controller application, the in-wheel electric motor is operated in both the motor mode and the regenerative braking mode. The in-wheel electric motor control embedded software is developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The developed software is embedded in the DSP STM32F407 microcontroller, which has ARM Cortex-M4 core. The in-wheel electric motor is controlled by a fuzzy logic controller in the motor mode, the in-wheel electric motor - in the regenerative braking mode. Different PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) ratios are applied to the wheel electric motor in the regenerative braking mode. The experimental data are recorded in real-time by transferring to a PC on the electric vehicle. The performance of the study is proven with experimental tests.

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“…Additionally, the system incorporates regenerative braking to recover energy during downhill descents, thereby enhancing the range of electric vehicles [21]. Bayir et al utilized regenerative braking methods to recover energy from electric vehicles during downhill descents [22]. Shu et al introduced a constant-speed downhill regenerative braking control strategy for hybrid electric vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Speed Control Methods and Energy-Saving for High-Voltage Transmission Line Inspection Robots along Cable Downhill

Yang,

Liu,

Ning

et al. 2023

Actuators

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To ensure the safe operation of high-voltage transmission line inspection robots during downhill descents without power and extend their range after a single charge, this paper proposes an energy-saving speed control method for the inspection robot’s walking wheel motor on downhill slopes by integrating feedback braking and fuzzy PID control. By combining the parameter equation of the overhead catenary line and the structural characteristics of the overhead transmission line, this paper analyzes the relationship between the driving torque of the inspection robot’s wheels and the horizontal displacement along the transmission ground wire before and after descending. Based on this analysis, a speed control and energy recovery scheme is developed for the inspection robot, which combines front-wheel feedback braking with rear-wheel regenerative braking. The fuzzy PID method is utilized to adjust the PWM duty cycle to achieve energy-efficient speed control of the inspection robot’s rear walking wheels. Additionally, to improve the energy density and specific power of the robot’s energy storage unit, a composite power source consisting of lithium batteries and supercapacitors is employed to recover energy from the front walking wheels through feedback braking. The combined simulation results indicate that, compared to fuzzy control and PID control, fuzzy PID control better regulates the robot’s speed under varying slopes, wind resistance, and cable roughness. A downhill speed control system for the inspection of the robot’s walking wheel motor was designed, and its effectiveness was validated through simulated high-voltage line experiments. The fuzzy PID control was demonstrated to effectively maintain the rear walking wheel speed within the targeted range during downhill descents. When descending along a fixed 30° angle cable, the fuzzy PID control resulted in an increase of 5.28% and 14.26% in the state of charge (SOC) of the supercapacitor compared to PID control and fuzzy control, respectively. Moreover, when descending along fixed angle cables of 10°, 20°, and 30°, as well as a variable angle cable ranging from 30° to 0°, the SOC of the supercapacitor increased by 17.55%, 26.25%, 38.45%, and 31.29%, respectively. This demonstrates the effective absorption of regenerative braking energy during the robot’s downhill movement.

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Downhill Speed Control of In-Wheel Motor during Regenerative Braking

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Design, Modeling and Hardware Implementation of Regenerative Braking for Electric Two-Wheelers for Hilly Roads

Design, Modeling and Hardware Implementation of Regenerative Braking for Electric Two-Wheelers for Hilly Roads

An Embedded Controller Application with Regenerative Braking for the Electric Vehicle

Research on Speed Control Methods and Energy-Saving for High-Voltage Transmission Line Inspection Robots along Cable Downhill

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